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    Japan and The Asia-Pacific Region
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 1999) Denker, M. Sami
    Let us say from the outset that any Japanese dominated bloc after the fashion of the East Asia Co-Prosperity sphere is unlikely to develop in the near future. The Japanese economy is too interdependent globally. As Jeffrey Frankel writes in a recent essay, Japanese investment for the years 1985-1989 in Europe and North America shows a rise as dramatic as, if not more than, the Asian region(1). Similarly regarding trade, the Asian share of global trade, of which Japan constitutes a very substantial part, has grown even more than intra Asian trade for the years 1980-1989, impressive as the latter growth may have been(2). Such statistics suggests no trend towards Asian autarky, as the Co- Prosperity Sphere was. Nor do the present Japanese elite, and indeed the Japanese population, posses the will to effect political- military domination of the region. They realise the folly of Japan's militaristic past and are only too aware of the immense difficulties involved in such an undertaking. Moreover, the asquiescience of the Asian nations on the receiving end cannot be assumed. More politically aware and stronger than before the war, such nations will surely resist any such domination. Having said these, there are nevertheless many developments that could force a presently reluctant Japan to form an Asia-Pacific bloc(3) which may be something less than a modern Co-Prosperity Sphere but more integrated under Japanese leadership than at present.
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    Malaysia's Free Trade Zones and Their Impact on Malaysian Economy
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 1993) Denker, M. Sami
    The Free Trade Zones (FTZ) are the most important and effective single physical means instituted by the Malaysian government to bring about the internationalization of the Malaysian economy. They are also the main instrument to rearticulate the economy towards international productive capital. The Free Zones Act. of 1971 was basically directed towards the attraction of foreign investment (foreign capital and tech- nology) to assist the Malaysian economy to take off, and at the same time to help resolve the growing problem of unemployment. However, it might be doubted whether the FTZ industries are bringing in as much of the foreign exchange, transfer or technology and linkages with and within the local economy that they were envisaged to effect, and whether what they are doing is being done unproblemmatically.
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    Us and Japan Relations and Their Impact On The Asia-Pasific Region
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 1999) Ping, Lee Poh; Denker, M. Sami
    The United States and Japan are two countries of immense strategic and economic significance to the Asia-Pacific region. With a combined gross national product equivalent to more than 80% of the regional total, these two economic superpowers constitute the primary markets and the biggest sources of investment and aid(1). Japan in particular dominates in trade and investment, and provides a market big enough to absorb 42% of all Indonesian exports. The U.S. market is bigger still, accounting for about a third of Taiwan's exports and a similar share from other countries. The Asia-Pacific nations depend on Japan and the United States to a large degree, and any adverse developments to the economies of these two powerhouses would strongly affect the regional drive toward modernisation and stability.