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Öğe Comparison of Flow Curves of AA 5457-O Sheet Material Determined by Hydraulic Bulge and Tensile Tests at Warm Forming Temperatures(AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS, 2016) Sukur, Emine Feyza; Turkoz, Mevlut; Dilmec, Murat; Halkaci, Huseyin Selcuk; Halkaci, MehmetThe deformation behavior of sheet materials changes according to temperature. It is possible that the formability of a material for different temperatures is investigated and the flow curves are obtained by using a hydraulic bulge test. Generally, biaxial stress state occurs in real forming processes. Flow curves can be derived from the hydraulic bulge test for the biaxial stress state, and the higher strain values can be achieved in comparison to the tensile test without extrapolation. Hydraulic bulge tests are preferred instead of tensile tests on account of presuming the problems can occur during the formation process of sheet material, being informed about the formability of material at the current pressure and temperature states, and obtaining flow curves to perform more accurate process simulations. In this study, the flow curves for the material AA5754-O were obtained using the warm bulge test and by considering the strain rates. The sections of the curves that can be used in simulation were identified, and these curves were comparatively investigated with respect to the curves obtained from the tensile test. In addition, case studies were performed in order to conduct more realisitic simulations using the results of the flow curves obtained from the bulge and tensile tests.Öğe Design of Sheet Hydroforming Press Body(IEEE, 2017) Turkoz, Mevlut; Avci, Semih; Dilmec, Murat; Ozturk, Ekrem; Halkaci, Mehmet; Halkaci, H. SelcukIn this research, the body of a sheet hydroforming press, which can produce an industrial product, was designed and dimensioned. Initially, the required pressure and forces to produce the industrial product were determined by finite element analysis. Then, structural analysis of the press body was conducted by using these forces in Solidworks Premium simulation module. The strain gauges were bonded on various critical areas of the press body. The strains were measured for various loading conditions and compared with the analysis results. According to the results obtained, the strain values obtained from the analysis and measured experimentally are in good agreement with each other.Öğe Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Validation of a Warm Hydroforming Test System(ASME, 2016) Turkoz, Mevlut; Halkacr, Huseyin Selcuk; Halkaci, Mehmet; Dilmec, Murat; Avci, Semih; Koc, MuammerIn this study, a hydroforming system was designed, built, and experimentally validated to perform lab-scale warm hydromechanical deep drawing (WHDD) tests and small-scale industrial production with all necessary heating, cooling, control and sealing systems. This manuscript describes the detailed design and fabrication stages of a warm hydroforming test and production system for the first time. In addition, performance of each subsystem is validated through repeated production and/or test runs as well as through part quality measurements. The sealing at high temperatures, the proper insulation and isolation of the press frame from the tooling and synchronized control had to be overcome. Furthermore, in the designed system, the flange area can be heated up to 400 degrees C using induction heaters in the die and blank holders (BH), whereas the punch can be cooled down to temperatures of around 10 degrees C. Validation and performance tests were performed to characterize the capacity and limits of the system. As a result of these tests, the fluid pressure, the blank holder force (BHF), the punch position and speed were fine-tuned independent of each other and the desired temperature distribution on the sheet metal was obtained by the heating and cooling systems. Thus, an expanded optimal process window was obtained to enable all or either of increased production/test speed, reduced energy usage and time. Consequently, this study is expected to provide other researchers and manufacturers with a set of design and process guidelines to develop similar systems.Öğe Detailed Investigation of Forming Limit Determination Standards for Aluminum Alloys(AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS, 2013) Dilmec, Murat; Halkaci, H. Selcuk; Ozturk, Fahrettin; Turkoz, MevlutIn this study, experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the differences between the ASTM E2218-02 and ISO 12004-2 standards that are used for construction of the forming limit curve (FLC) and that made various assumptions, which create dissimilar FLCs for the same material. The comparison was made for two materials which have moderate brittle and ductile characteristics, AA2024-T4 and AA5754-O alloys, respectively. The effects of a specimen's geometry, lubrication condition, and determination methods of limit strains on FLCs were considered and compared. Because the same strain evaluation method should be used for the standards, so as to be able to investigate the effect of only standards, a simple method in the computer grid analysis system was used. To test the validity and the reliability of the method, limit strains on the same specimens were also determined with using a real-time measurement method for the ISO experiments, and the results reveal that the method is reliable. Failure mechanisms were inspected for further investigation. The Nakajima specimens formed with the two standards showed different failure mechanisms. Finally, conducting the case studies, it was concluded that ISO 12004-2 yields more reliable and reproducible results than the ASTM standard.Öğe Determination of optimal EDM machining parameters for machined pure titanium-porcelain adhesion(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2009) Secilmis, Asli; Olmez, A. Murat; Dilmec, Murat; Halkaci, H. Selcuk; Inan, OzgurThe objective of this experimental study is to determine electrical discharge machining (EDM) parameters that offer the best adhesion at the interface of a machined titanium-porcelain composite. First of all, with Taguchi method, machining parameters that will be effective in the bonding strength as well as their interactions on each other were determined in the test. Then, multiple level experiments were conducted to determine how the effective parameters varied over a wide area. Slopes of the curves obtained in these tests were studied, and then, final tests were conducted to obtain the best bonding strength possible. In this way, machining parameters that would offer the highest bonding strength of the titanium-porcelain matrix in a stepwise adjustable EDM machine were obtained. By taking into consideration the steps on the EDM machine where the tests were conducted, it is seen that, when a full factorial experiment is undertaken, 5 power x 2 polarity x 2 type of dielectric x 2 sandblasting or non-sandblasting x 2 kind of electrode x 10 pulse-on time, it necessitates 800 different tests to be executed, but, with the applied method, 16 + 18 + 3 yields 37 different tests where the results that include all possible alternatives were obtained. As a result, EDM machining parameters that offer the highest adhesion and are relatively higher, 31.5 N/mm(2), than the acceptable minimum value of 25 N/mm(2) were specified.Öğe EFFECT OF SHEET THICKNESS ON THE ANISOTROPY AND THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION FOR AA2024-T4(INST ZA KOVINSKE MATERIALE I IN TEHNOLOGIE, 2013) Dilmec, Murat; Halkaci, Huseyin Selcuk; Ozturk, Fahrettin; Turkoz, MevlutIn this study, the effect of sheet thickness on the anisotropy and thickness distribution at room temperature (RT) was investigated for AA2024-T4 sheets. The anisotropy was determined using automated strain measurement with a grid analysis and profile-projector methods. The results indicate that the effects of the thicknesses of 0.8 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm on the anisotropy were insignificant. In addition to the anisotropy measurement, the thickness variation of the specimens was also monitored. Besides the anisotropy values, no significant differences were observed between various thicknesses and directions.Öğe Effects of sheet thickness and anisotropy on forming limit curves of AA2024-T4(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2013) Dilmec, Murat; Halkaci, H. Selcuk; Ozturk, Fahrettin; Livatyali, Haydar; Yigit, OsmanIn this study, the effects of sheet thickness and anisotropy of AA2024-T4 on forming limit curve (FLC) are experimentally investigated according to ISO 12004-2 standard. A new limit strain measurement method is proposed by using the grid analysis method so as to determine limit strains conveniently and reliably. In addition to the regular test specimens, various widths are added to enhance the FLC's accuracy at the plane strain condition (PSC). The accuracy and reliability of the proposed method are verified for different materials. Results illustrate that an increase in the sheet thickness increases the FLC level. The additional experiments for additional widths improve the accuracy of the FLC at the PSC, and the position of the lowest major strain value differs from the literature. However, the effect of anisotropy on the FLC is found to be insignificant. Finally, experimental and numerical case studies are carried out for conventional deep drawing, stretch drawing, and hydraulic bulge processes. Results reveal that different FLCs are necessary for different thicknesses for accurate predictions.Öğe Enhancing formability in hydromechanical deep drawing process adding a shallow drawbead to the blank holder(ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2014) Halkaci, Huseyin Selcuk; Turkoz, Mevlut; Dilmec, MuratIn this paper, a new method was proposed in order to enhance the limiting drawing ratio (LDR) of AA5754-O in the hydromechanical deep drawing process (HDD). In the proposed method, a shallow drawbead was added to the blank holder to increase LDR so as to provide strain hardening of a large region on the flange of the sheet material in addition to pre-bulging process which affects particularly only the initial stage but not the later ongoing process. So the LDR of the AA5754-O was increased from 2.65 to 2.787 by enlarging the region of strain hardening in the flange and partially reducing wrinkling tendency due to occurred tensile stresses using the convenient pressure and blank holder force profiles. The importance levels and their convenient values for height of drawbead, pre-bulge height and pressure, surface roughness of the punch were determined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method. ANOVA analysis illustrated that adding a shallow drawbead to the blank holder is the most effective factor between the investigated factors for the HOD process. While the effects of the pre-bulging pressure and pre-bulging height were determined as quite small, the surface roughness of the punch was found unimportant compared to the effect of the shallow drawbead. The highest LDR value was obtained with 1 mm drawbead height, 5 mm pre-bulging height, 10 MPa pre-bulging pressure and 2.8 mu m surface roughness of the punch. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Experimental investigation on feasibility of using spherical-tip tool electrodes in EDM for rough machining-machining of rectangular pockets(GAZI UNIV, FAC ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE, 2019) Avlar, Engin; Dilmec, Murat; Halkaci, Huseyin SelcukIn this study, feasibility of widely used spherical tip tool electrode for machining rectangular pockets instead of a model to form cavity on the work piece for rough machining in Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) was investigated. In CNC EDM machine, two alternative tool paths which gives the changes of the tool electrode geometry were examined using rough machining parameters provides minimum tool wear and maximum material removal rate. Electrode tools have been measured with optoTOP-HE 3B optical measurement system before and after manufacturing with EDM. Center coordinates of spherical electrodes, tool wear and deviation of machined cavities from expected surfaces have been determined from 3D data using Rapidform 2004 PPS software. Moreover, a basic algorithm of a CNC EDM CAM program is proposed for machining rectangular pockets. The accuracy of the algorithm which can find the electrode radius and the tool compensation deviations has been verified with comparing simulation and experimental results.Öğe INVESTIGATION INTO REASONS FOR MINIMUM MAJOR STRAIN OFFSETTING OF FORMING LIMIT CURVE OBTAINED WITH NAKAJIMA TEST FOR AA 2024-T4(GAZI UNIV, FAC ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE, 2014) Dilmec, Murat; Halkaci, Huseyin Selcuk; Ozturk, FahrettinIn a typical forming limit curve (FLC), the minimum major strain where the minor value is equal to zero is located at y axes. In many forming processes, failure occurs at this region. Many studies in literature indicates that minimum major strain value is obtained about at y axis. In this study, the minimum major strain value is not determined on the y axes and it was found to be offsetted from the y axes to the right about 0.04 strain for AA 2024-T4. This value could be important for evaluations of sheet metal forming processes. In this study, the reasons for the minimum major strain of setting of the forming limit curve for AA 2024-T4 were investigated. It was found that drawbead and heat treatment were most effective parameters for this offsetting. It is observed that offsetting result from pre-strain which occur for conducted tests with using draw-bead and residual stress arising from T4 heat treatment.Öğe Investigation of the effect of hydromechanical deep drawing process parameters on formability of AA5754 sheets metals by using neuro-fuzzy forecasting approach(IOS PRESS, 2015) Tinkir, Mustafa; Dilmec, Murat; Turkoz, Mevlut; Halkaci, H. SelcukAdaptive neural-network based fuzzy logic inference system (ANFIS) is a useful method instead of costly Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in order to reduce investigation cost of forming processes. In this research, the effect of hydromechanical deep drawing (HDD) process parameters on AA5754-O sheet was investigated by FE simulations with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling approach. In order to determine the prediction error of the ANFIS model according to FEA, firstly a series of FEA of the HDD process were conducted according to Taguchi's Design of Experiment Method (DOE). The results of the FEA were confirmed by comparing the thickness distributions of the formed cups by experimentally and numerically. Moreover an adaptive neural-network based fuzzy logic inference system (ANFIS) was created according to results of simulation to predict the maximum thinning of AA5754-O sheet without needing FE simulations. The calculation performances of the ANFIS model were determined by comparing the estimated results with the results of the FE simulations. By using the results of the FE simulations which were conducted according to a matrix plan, the effects of the parameters to the thinning of the blank were determined by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. ABAQUS and MATLAB/ANFIS/Simulink softwares were used to realize and simulate proposed techniques. Mean error of prediction result of ANFIS is found as 0.89% according to FEA.Öğe Investigation on Earing Behavior of AA 2024-T4 and AA 5754-O Aluminum Alloys(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2011) Turkoz, Mevlut; Dilmec, Murat; Halkaci, Huseyin SelcukDeep drawn parts usually have different wall heights because of earing behavior. This behavior is due to the planar anisotropy (Delta r) of sheet metals. A measure of the variation of normal anisotropy with the angel to the rolling direction in sheet plane is known as planar anisotropy. If the magnitude of the planar anisotropy is relatively large as absolute value, the earing behavior becomes more effective so larger ears occur. Furthermore, the orientation of the sheet with respect to the die or the part to be formed will be important. In addition, cutting of scraps in the parts which have ears leads to material waste. The scope of this study is to determine the planar anisotropy of AA 5754-O and AA 2024-T4 aluminum alloys and to investigate the earing behavior by the way of deep drawing of cylindrical cups.Öğe A new method for determining limit strains of materials that show post-uniform elongation behavior(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2014) Turkoz, Mevlut; Halkaci, Huseyin S.; Yigit, Osman; Dilmec, Murat; Ozturk, FahrettinIn this study, a new method is proposed to determine limit strains at the onset of localized necking for ductile materials that show post-uniform elongations. The new method is first applied for AA 5754-O using the ISO 12004-2 forming limit diagram determination standard. The method is also applied for ductile materials of 7114 steel, 304 stainless steel, and CuZn37 brass and finally for AA 2024-T4 having brittle fracture behavior. The results indicate that the new proposed method is quite successful, easy, and accurate for ductile materials that show post-uniform elongations.
