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Öğe CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF PHLOMIS GRANDIFLORA HS THOMPSON VAR. GRANDIFLORA FLOWERS AND LEAVES OF TURKISH ORIGIN(WILEY, 2011) Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Chalchat, J. C.; Bağcı, Yavuz; Dural, H.; Figueredo, G.; Savran, A.The essential oils of flower and leaves of Phlomis grandiflora H.S. Thompson var. grandiflora (Lamiaceae), endemic grown in Turkey, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. The yields of essential oil isolated by steam distillation from the flowers and leaves of Phlomis were 0.12 and 0.2% (w/w), respectively. Hydrodistillation of the dried flowers and leaves of Phlomis gave light-yellowish oils. Thirty-two components were identified in the flowers oil, which represented about 92.1% of the total composition of the oil. The major constituents of the flower essential oil were beta-eudesmol (61.48%), beta-curcumene (5.81%), E-beta-farnesene (2.35%), alpha-zingiberene (2.18%) and alpha-cedrene (1.94). Thirty-nine components were identified in the oil of leaves, making up 87.7% of the total composition. The major constituents of the essential oils of the leaves were beta-eudesmol (62.04%), beta-curcumene (3.43%), ar-curcumene (2.20%) and linalool (2.03%). In particular, both oils were characterized by a high content of beta-eudesmol. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Some species of Phlomis are used as tonic and stimulant in Turkey and against diseases of the respiratory tract or externally for the treatment of wounds. Also, many studies have shown various biological activities such as immunosuppressive free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antimutagenic activities.Öğe Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Prangos Uechtritzii Boiss. Et Hausskn. Fruits From Turkey(Allured Publ Corp, 2000) Özcan, M.; Bağcı, Y.; Akgül, A.; Dural, H.; Novak, J.The chemical composition of a hydrodistilled essential oil of Prangos uechtritzii Boiss, ct Hausskn. growing wild in Turkey was examined by GC/MS. Thirty-eight constituents were identified, p-Cymene (10.9%), gamma-terpinene (7.0%), beta-phellandrene (7.8%), alpha-phellandrene (6.3%) and (Z)-beta-ocimene (4.6%) were found to be the major constituents of the oil.Öğe A Multivariate Statistical Approach to Centaurea Classification Using Essential Oil Composition Data of Some Species From Turkey(Springer Wien, 2006) Flamini, G.; Tebano, M.; Cioni, P. L.; Bağcı, Y.; Dural, H.; Ertuğrul, K.; Uysal, T.; Savran, A.The composition of the essential oils of ten Centaurea species from Turkey, Centaurea aladaghensis, C. antiochia var. prealta, C. antitauri, C. babylonica, C. balsamita, C. cheirolepidoides, C. deflexa, C. iconiensis, C. lanigera, C. ptosimopappoides have been studied. Multivariate statistical analyses (Principal Component Analysis, Multidimensional Scaling, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) applied to GC-MS data, seem to be very useful to investigate and establish the natural taxonomic delimitation of this very difficult genus. The groupings resulted independent from the ecological similarities (i.e. plants that live in the same habitats or share similar morphological characteristics), so it seems that the environment has no influence on the biosynthesis of the volatiles of these plants.Öğe Nutrient composition of mistletoe (Viscum album) and its nutritive value for ruminant animals(SPRINGER, 2007) Umucalilar, H. Derya; Guelsen, N.; Coskun, B.; Hayirli, A.; Dural, H.Mistletoe (Viscum album L. subsp. album) is known as an obligatory hemiparasite of trees and is consumed by herbivores in some places, especially during periods of forage shortage and drought. This experiment was conducted to determine nutrient composition and nutritive value of mistletoe with respect to vegetation stage. Mistletoe samples were collected from three different tree species [almond (Amygdalus communis L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.), and willow (Salix alba L.)] at three different vegetation stages (April, July, October) naturally growing in Central Turkey. Five samples were taken at each vegetation stage for each tree species. The samples were incubated in rumens of two 2-year old fistulated Holstein cows. Nutrient data and nutritive value indices were subjected to 2-way ANOVA using the GLM procedure. Crude protein and NDF concentrations and metabolisable energy level of the samples were in the ranges of 52.5-68.6, 291-330, and 7.8-8.4 MJ kg(-1)supercript stop DM, respectively. There were also significant differences in DM, crude ash, Fe, Cu, and Zn levels among trees. As the vegetation progressed, there were linear decreases in DM, CP, and NDF and linear increases in ADF, Ca, Cu, and Zn levels. There were significant interaction effects for tree species by vegetation stage in terms of DM, ADF, and Zn. In vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility coefficients were between 0.84 and 0.87 and between 0.52 and 0.55, respectively. It was also observed that degradation of V. album was almost completed after the first 48 h. The soluble and readily degraded portion of DM (fraction "a") increased, whereas the insoluble but degradable portion of DM (fraction "b") decreased with advancing vegetation stage. Effective degradability of dry matter (EDDM) also increased significantly as the vegetation progressed. Gas production from fraction "b" varied by tree species and the stage of vegetation. A significant interaction of tree species by vegetation effects on EDDM and gas production was also noted. After 48 h, cumulative gas production and fraction "b" ranged from 52.71 ml to 58.85 ml and from 48.8 ml to 75.4 ml, respectively. In general, the mistletoe was low in protein, moderate in fibre, and high in minerals. In conclusion, as long as a lack of deleterious effects on health and performance is shown in feeding trials, mistletoe has potential to be used as a dietary component in ruminant feeding.
