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Öğe Effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with chronic periodontitis(BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD, 2004) Erdemir, EO; Duran, I; Haliloglu, SObjective: Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contents of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: The study base consisted of 41 patients including 22 volunteer current smokers with an age range of 32-59 (44.41+/-7.88) years and 19 volunteer non-smokers with an age range of 36-59 (46.94+/-6.07) years. The first month after non-surgical periodontal therapy was accepted as the baseline of the study. The clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded and GCF samples were collected for analysis of GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. At the 3rd and 6th months, all of these procedures were repeated. Results: In smokers, only CAL was significantly higher at the 3rd month compared with non-smokers (p<0.05). GI and BOP were higher in non-smokers than smokers in both periods (p<0.05). PI showed increases from the initial to the 6th month in smokers (p<0.05). Although the differences between two groups with regard to IL-6 and TNF-alpha were not significant (p>0.05), the total amount of TNF-alpha in GCF decreased from the initial to the 6th month in smokers (p<0.05). There were no significant correlations between the mean total amount of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in GCF and clinical parameters in both evaluation periods in smokers (p>0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that cigarette smoking increases the amount of dental plaque over time in smokers and does not influence GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.Öğe Evaluation of the dental plaque pH recovery effect of a xylitol lozenge on patients with fixed orthodontic appliances(E H ANGLE EDUCATION RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC, 2004) Sengun, A; Sari, Z; Ramoglu, SI; Malkoc, S; Duran, IThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a xylitol lozenge on the dental plaque pH profile of fixed orthodontic patients. Twelve volunteers participated in this study. Before the measurement of plaque pH, subjects were asked to refrain from brushing their teeth for 48 hours and from eating and drinking for two hours. The subjects' baseline dental plaque pH was recorded using the touch technique. It was followed by a one-minute rinse with 15 ml of a 10% solution of sucrose, and subsequent plaque pH measurements were carried out during the next one hour. Xylitol lozenges were taken five times a day during a 14-day period. The variables of resting-plaque pH, minimum-plaque pH (MP pH), time required to reach MP pH (TMP), last-plaque (LP) pH at the end of one hour, cH area (CH), and pH at each test time were calculated for each pH test of the subjects. The paired sample t-test was used for statistical comparison. The mean MP pH values increased from 4.81 to 5.09 in the experimental measurement (P < .05). The mean TMP was not affected by the use of xylitol (P > .05). Although the LP pH showed an increase during the experimental period, the difference between control and experimental periods was not statistically significant (P > .05). The CH of the experimental period was significantly less than that of the control period (P < .05). As a result, the use of a xylitol lozenge after a sucrose challenge can be an advisable practice for fixed orthodontic patients to prevent future dental caries.Öğe In vitro dentine permeability evaluation of HEMA-based (desensitizing) products using split-chamber model following in vivo application in the dog(WILEY, 2005) Duran, I; Sengun, A; Yildirim, T; Ozturk, BThe aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro dentine permeability evaluation of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based desensitizing products using split-chamber model following in vivo application in the dogs for three experimental time periods of 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. Buccal enamel of upper and lower canines of nine young dogs was removed and flat dentinal surface was obtained using a water-cooled diamond bur. The dentinal surface divided into four quarters, three experimental and a control. Health-Dent and Gluma Desensitizing agent and Single bond were applied to respective quarters of one tooth, according to manufacturers' instructions. The last quarters were left as control without any applications. For the each experimental period, 10 dentine samples from each group including control were used to measure the hydraulic conductance values. The dentine discs were placed pulp-side down in a split-chamber device in which the plastic spacers containing the rubber 0 rings have a surface area of 1 mm(2) and permeability was measured by fluid filtration. The data were expressed as hydraulic conductance (Lp). Differences in dentine permeability obtained for the desensitizing agents against the control were tested for statistical significance using Kruskal-Wallis one-way anova and Bonferroni-adjusted Mann-Whitney U-tests. Differences in permeability in three time periods for each desensitizing agent were analysed using Friedman's anova and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. All desensitizing applications caused decreased Lp values compared with the control Lp value at the end of 1 week. In the 1-month samples, between the Lp values of Single bond and control, no statistical difference was found (P > 0.05). At the end of the 3-month period, the Gluma Desensitizing agent had the lowest the Lp value (P < 0.05). The result of this study is that the topical application of desensitizing agents led to decrease in dentine permeability in the dog model. The Gluma Desensitizing agent provide the more lasting tubule-occluding effect than the other material tested in this model.Öğe The long-term effectiveness of five current desensitizing products on cervical dentine sensitivity(WILEY, 2004) Duran, I; Sengun, AThe aim of this study was to compare the long-term effectiveness of five desensitizing products on 25 male and 27 female patients (total 52) aged 21-67 years (mean 36 +/- 7 years) suffering from cervical dentine sensitivity. All subjects were seen by the same examiner (ID) who was blinded to the applied treatment for 3-month clinical study. Patients were asked to record their overall sensitivity by marking a point on a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Two hundred and seventy-seven sensitive teeth were treated by one of the five desensitizing products, all of which were placed following manufacturers' instructions by the other investigator (AS). A paired (split mouth) study design was used and selection of quadrants was randomized. At the post-treatment and at 10 days and 3 months periods, sensitivity measurements were recorded by the same investigator (ID). Statistical analysis showed that all of the VAS scores at post-treatment evaluation points were significantly decreased compared with baseline data (P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in mean sensitivity scores in the Protect Liner F and the Health-Dent Desensitizer groups when compared with Fluoline varnish at the 10-day time point (P < 0.05). At 3 months, the Protect Liner F group continued to show a significantly reduced sensitivity level when compared with Health-Dent Desensitizer, Single Bond, Fluoline and Gluma Desensitizer (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that although at the end of 3-month evaluation period all desensitizers showed lower VAS sensitivity values compared with baseline, there were differences in the level of reduction of cervical dentine sensitivity.Öğe Microscopic evaluation of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis(E H ANGLE EDUCATION RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC, 2006) Duran, I; Malkoc, S; Iseri, H; Tunali, M; Tosun, M; Kucukkolbasi, HThe purpose of this study was to evaluate microscopically the newly formed hard tissue after a consolidation period of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO). Sixteen patients underwent MSDO treatment. After a latency period of seven days, the distraction device was activated by the patient once in the morning and once in the evening, for a total of one mm per day for a mean 10.1 +/- 2.8 days, and the mean opening of the device was 8.1 +/- 1.7 mm. The device was usually maintained in position approximately 90 days after surgery. After the completion of the distraction period, the lower anterior teeth were bonded and tooth movement into the distraction site was initiated. After a consolidation period, second surgery was performed to remove the distraction devices. During the second surgery, hard tissue biopsies were taken on the apical region of the two central incisors and the left canine. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and decalcified in 3% HNO3 solutions. New bone formation was present within the distraction gap immediately after the consolidation period. The cellular construction was more irregular in the distraction sections than in the normal bone sections. The newly distracted area was not complete immediately after the consolidation period. Furthermore, the newly formed bone had a membranous structure, which indicates continual maturation. Bone exposed to stretching forces undergoes new bone formation, and the newly formed bone is of a membranous type also named as a woven type.Öğe Periodontal treatment needs of patients with renal disease receiving haemodialysis(F D I WORLD DENTAL PRESS LTD, 2004) Duran, I; Erdemir, EGAim/Objective: The aim of this study was to perform periodontal assessment, using the CPITN index, on patients undergoing renal dialysis. Methods: The periodontal conditions of 342 subjects undergoing renal dialysis from eight renal dialysis centres were examined using CPITN. Subjects were distributed into four age groups, 16-19, 20-34, 35-44 and >= 45 years. The study was conducted during a 6-month period. All clinical examinations were performed by one examiner. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between the CPITN scores and age (r=0.164 p=0.002) and dialysis duration (r=0.240, p=0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients (p > 0.05). None of the age groups had healthy sextants. The 35-44 year-age group had a higher number of sextants with deep pockets (0.19) than the other age groups and edentulous sextants were the highest among the oldest I. age group (1.89). Conclusion: A very small portion of the renal dialysis population is affected by severe forms of periodontitis requiring complex periodontal treatment. However, all such patients should be given oral hygiene education as a priority.
