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  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on the Fecundity of the Endoparasitoid Pimpla Turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
    (2009) Nurullahoğlu, Z. Ülya; Ergin, Ekrem
    Synovigenic parasitoids rely on adult feeding to increase their reproductive potential. Here, we examined the impact of fatty acid composition in the artificial diet on the fecundity and hatchability of the endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. adult females. Females were provided with natural diet (honey and host pupae), a basic chemically-defined synthetic diet, or five different synthetic diets without palmitic, stearic, oleic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid separately, or all fatty acids. The effects of dietary fatty acid deficiency on total and age-dependent fecundity and hatchability of the parasitoid were investigated. Females fed with natural diet laid 27.4 eggs throughout a period of 15 d, and 78.96% of these eggs hatched. The highest fecundity was observed with females fed with basic synthetic diet, a stearic-and palmitic acid-free diet or an oleic acid-free diet. Females provided with linoleic acid-and all fatty acids-free diets had the lowest fecundity. The highest egg hatching (84.76%) was observed with females fed with the basic synthetic diet whereas fatty acid-free diet reduced egg hatching to 57.05%. Age-dependent fecundity increased from day 20 to 28 and then decreased on day 31. Egg hatchability of females provided with linoleic or linolenic acid-free diets were similar to those fed with all fatty acid-free diet. Relative to basic synthetic diet, linoleic or linolenic acid-free and all fatty acids-free diets significantly reduced total and diet-dependent egg hatchability. These results have important implications for understanding both the lipid allocation strategy and the impact of fatty acids alone and in combination on reproduction of this parasitoid, which are used as important biological control agent.
  • Küçük Resim Yok
    Öğe
    Effects of Gradually Decreased Temperature on Pre- Adult Development, Adult Emergence, Sex Ratio and Weight of Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
    (FOUNDATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & RESEARCH-FEPR, 2012) Öztürk, Rahile; Nurullahoğlu, Zahide Ülya; Ergin, Ekrem
    The effects of gradually decreased temperature on pre-adult development of endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) reared on Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pupae at laboratory conditions were investigated. Parasitized host pupae were acclimated at a gradually decreased temperature; for 3 days at each 25, 20, 15 and 10 degrees C, and then kept in separate four groups for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days at 4 degrees C. Pre- adult development time, adult emergence, sex ratio and weight of wasps were determined for each treatment. Adult emergence of treatment groups lasted longer than controls for both sex and that time was observed to increase approximately 50% in the adult from experimental group which was kept for 5 days at 4 degrees C. Adult emergence ratio also decreased by increasing acclimation time at 4 degrees C. While ratio of adult emergence of female was equal with that of male in the control group, that of female was found to be more than that of adult male by increasing acclimation time at 4 degrees C. The weight of females decreased while there was no difference in that of males. However, the data showed that any difference wasn't statically determined between the weigh of the control and experimental groups.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Tedrici azalan sıcaklığın pimpla turionellae (hymenoptera: İchneumonidae)’nın ergin öncesi gelişim süresi, ergin çıkış, eşey oranı ve ağırlığına etkileri
    (2012) Öztürk, Rahile; Nurullahoğlu, Zahide Ülya; Ergin, Ekrem
    Laboratuvar şartlarında Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) puplarında yetiştirilen endoparazitoid Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)’nın larval evresine, konak içinde iken uygulanan tedrici azalan sıcaklığın etkileri araştırıldı. Parazitlenen konak pupları sırasıyla 25, 20, 15 ve 10C’de 3’er gün ve takiben dört farklı deney grubunda 4C’de 2, 3, 4 ve 5 gün bekletildi. Uygulamalar sonucunda çıkan bireylerin erginleşme süreleri, cinsiyetleri ve ağırlıkları tespit edildi. Dişi ve erkek bireylerde ergin çıkış süresinin kontrol grubuna göre uzadığı ve bu sürenin özellikle düşük sıcaklıkta 5 gün bekletilen deney grubundan çıkan bireylerde yaklaşık %50 oranında arttığı gözlendi. Ergin çıkış yüzdesi düşük sıcaklıkta (4C) bekletme süresinin artmasıyla beraber azaldı. Kontrol grubunda erginleşen dişi ve erkek bireylerin yüzdeleri hemen hemen eşitken, düşük sıcaklık uygulama süresinin artışıyla beraber erginleşen bireylerde dişi yüzdesinin erkek bireylerin yüzdesine göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. 4C’de bekletme süresinin uzaması ile dişi bireylerin ağırlığında azalma meydana gelirken erkek bireylerin ağırlığında fark bulunmadı. Bununla beraber düşük sıcaklık uygulaması sonrasında çıkan bireylerin ağırlığı ile kontrol grubundan çıkan bireylerin ağırlıkları arasında istatistiksel bir fark tespit edilmedi.