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    MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels in oral lichen planus patients with gingivitis or periodontitis
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2013) Ertugrul, Abdullah Seckin; Dursun, Recep; Dundar, Niyazi; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Hakki, Sema Sezgin
    Objective: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to investigate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-9, and MMP inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and to investigate MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels in gingival tissue by immunohistochemical staining of samples from patients with and without OLP. Design: Twenty-seven patients with OLP (gingivitis, OLPG; chronic periodontitis, OLPP) and thirty healthy non-OLP patients (gingivitis, HG; chronic periodontitis, HP) were included in this study. The MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels in GCF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels in gingival tissue were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: The mean levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in the GCF of OLPP patients were significantly higher and TIMP-1 was significantly lower than in HP patients; similarly, the mean levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 were higher and TIMP-1 was significantly lower in OLPG patients than in HG patients. Our findings illustrate that tissue MMP-9 levels were statistically higher and TIMP-1 level were significantly lower in the OLPP group in comparison to the HP group, and the OLPG group in comparison to the HG group. The tissue MMP-1 level in the non-OLP group was found to be lower when compared with the OLP groups. But not statistically significant. Conclusions: Increased levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 with decreased levels of TIMP-1 in GCF and increased MMP-1, MMP-9 levels and decreased TIMP-1 levels in the gingival tissue of OLP patients in combination with poor oral hygiene may cause increased tissue breakdown. The results of our study provide information about the effects of the periodontal status on the enzyme profiles in GCF and gingival tissue of OLP and non-OLP patients. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Periodontopathogen profile of healthy and oral lichen planus patients with gingivitis or periodontitis
    (NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2013) Ertugrul, Abdullah Seckin; Arslan, Ugur; Dursun, Recep; Hakki, Sema Sezgin
    Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is frequently detected in oral tissues. The aim of our study was to identify the prevalence of the detection of periodontopathogenic microorganisms (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola in OLP patients and to compare with this prevalence of periodontopathogenic microorganisms in healthy non-OLP patients. Our study included 27 (18 chronic periodontitis (OLPP) and 9 gingivitis (OLPG)) patients diagnosed with OLP along with 26 (13 chronic periodontitis (HP) and 13 gingivitis (HG)) healthy non-OLP patients. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subsequent reverse hybridization method (micro-I Dent) was used for identifying periodontopathogenic microorganisms present in subgingival plaque samples. The percentages of detection for A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and T. denticola in subgingival plaque samples taken from OLP patients (OLPG and OLPP) were 18.5%, 85.1%, 81.4%, 88.8% and 74%, respectively. Meanwhile, in the non-OLP patients (HG and HP), these values were 7.6%, 50%, 46.1%, 73% and 57.7%, respectively. Thus, comparing the non-OLP groups with the OLP groups, the periodontopathogens' percentages of detection in the OLP groups were higher than those in the non-OLP groups. According to our study results, OLP patients have higher levels of infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and T. denticola than non-OLP patients. We argue that the high percentages in patients with OLP may help identify the importance of periodontopathogenic microorganisms in the progress of periodontal diseases of OLP.