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    Genetic characterization of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes by AFLP markers
    (2011) Ercisli S.; Kafkas E.; Orhan E.; Kafkas S.; Dogan Y.; Esitken A.
    The Coruh Valley, located in Northeastern Turkey, is one of the most important centers of diversity in pomegranate in Turkey. In this study, we attempted to characterize 19 promising pomegranate genotypes originating from the Coruh Valley in using fluorescent dye AFLP markers and capillary electrophoresis. Four AFLP primer combinations were used, generating a total of 297 fragments, 213 of which were polymorphic (73.0%). Resolving powers of the AFLP primers ranged from 0.700 to 1.018, with a total of 3.440, while polymorphism information contents ranged from 0.707 to 0.837 with an average of 0.764. UPGMA clustering of the genotypes showed two major groups. Most of the fruit characteristics of the genotypes within the same group were variable. Therefore, the results showed that molecular characterization is necessary to get reliable relationships among pomegranate genotypes and AFLP markers can be used effectively in pomegranate.
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    Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as alleviators for soil degradation
    (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011) Turan M.; Esitken A.; Sahin F.
    Soil degradation refers to decline in the soil's productivity through deterioration of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The most important processes and causes of degradation are water-wind erosion, salinization, alkalinization, acidification, and leaching and soil pollution. The rate of soil degradation is directly related to unsuitable land use. While growers routinely use physical and chemical approaches to manage the soil environment to improve crop yields, the application of microbial products for this purpose is less common. However, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) can prevent the deleterious effects of one or more stressors from the environment. These beneficial microorganisms can be a significant component of management practices to achieve the attainable yield in degraded soil. In such soils, the natural role of stress-tolerant PGPRs in maintaining soil fertility is more important than in conventional agriculture. Besides their role in metal detoxification/removal, salinization, and acidification, rhizobacteria also promote the growth of plants by other mechanisms such as production of growth promoting substances and siderophores. Remediation with PGPRs is called bioremediation in degraded soil and is another emerging low-cost in situ technology (Cohen et al. Int J Green Energy 3:301-312, 2004) employed to remove or alleviate pollutants, salinity, and acidification stress from the degraded land. The efficiency of bioremediation can be enhanced by the judicious and careful application of appropriate heavy metal, salinity, acidity tolerant, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including symbiotic nitrogen-fixing organisms. This review presents the results of studies on the recent developments in the utilization of PGPR for direct application in soils degraded with heavy metals, salinity, and acidity under a wide range of agroecological conditions with a view to restore degraded soils and consequently, promote crop productivity in degraded soils across the globe and their significance in bioremediation. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. All rights are reserved.