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    Effect of morphine sulphate on histopathologic changes in lung tissue after ischemia reperfusion injury [İskemi reperfüzyon hasari sonrasinda akciğer dokusunda meydana gelen histopatolojik değişiklikler üzerinde morfin sulfatin etkisi]
    (Turkiye Klinikleri, 2017) Düzgün N.; Esme H.; Karabağli P.; İyisoy M.S.; Duran M.
    Objective: Endogenous opioids play an important role in tolerance to ischaemia at cellular level. We aimed to investigate the effect of morphine sulphate on the histopathologic changes in the lung tissue after ischemia reperfusion injury. Material and Methods: Forty female Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. The subjects were divided into 4 groups. İschemia reperfusion (IR) group; thoracotomy was performed from the fifth left intercostal space and ischemia reperfusion injury was established. İschemia reperfusion and ischemic postconditioning (IRPC) group; thoracotomy, ischemia reperfusion and postcondutioning. IRPC3 and IRPC30 groups; in addition to IRPC group, 3 and 30 ?mol morphine sulphate were administered. In the histopathological examination of lung tissue, neutrophile count, congestion, interstitial edema, tissue damage, and VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) and EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) positively stained cells were evaluated semi quantitatively. Results: In the histopathological analysis there was a statistically significant difference between the IR with IRAK (P<0.01), IRAK3 (P<0.01), and IRAK30 (P<0.01) groups in terms of neutrophile count and congestion edema scores. There was a statistically significant difference between the IR with IRAK (P<0.01) and IRAK3 (P<0.01) groups and IRAK with IRAK30 (P<0.05) groups in terms of tissue damage score. Moreover there was a statistically significant difference between the IR and IRAK3 (P<0.01) and IRAK30 (P<0.01) groups in the histopathological analysis in terms of VEGF (+) and EGFR (+) staining cell scores. Conclusion: As a result, ischemic postconditioning and administration of morphine sulphate were applied in the ischemic reperfusion period and histopathologic evaluation was performed. It has been determined that administration of morphine sulphate in the prevention of ischemia reperfusion injury is a more effective method than ischemic postconditioning. © 2017 by Türkiye Klinikleri.
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    Importance of the cell block technique in diagnosing patients with non-small cell carcinoma accompanied by pleural effusion
    (Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, 2015) Ugurluoglu C.; Kurtipek E.; Unlu Y.; Esme H.; Duzgun N.
    Background: Cytological examination of pleural effusions is very important in the diagnosis of malignant lesions. Thoracentesis is the first investigation to be performed in a patient with pleural effusion. In this study, we aimed to compare traditional with cell block methods for diagnosis of lung disease accompanied by pleural effusion. Materials and Methods: A total of 194 patients with exudative pleural effusions were included. Ten mililiters of fresh pleural fluid were obtained by thoracentesis from all patients in the initial evaluation. The samples gathered were divided to two equal parts, one for conventional cytological analysis and the other for analysis with the cell block technique. In cytology, using conventional diagnostic criteria cases were divided into 3 categories, benign, malignant and undetermined. The cell block sections were evaluated for the presence of single tumor cells, papillary or acinar patterns and staining with mucicarmine. In the cell block examination, in cases with sufficient cell counts histopathological diagnosis was performed. Results: Of the total undergoing conventional cytological analyses, 154 (79.4%)were reported as benign, 33 (17%) as malignant and 7 (3.6%) as suspicious of malignancy. With the cell block method the results were 147 (75.8%) benign, 12 (6.2%) metastatic, 4 (2.1%) squamous cell carcinoma, 18 (9.3%) adenocarcinoma, 5 (2.6%) large cell carcinoma, 2 (1%) mesothelioma, 3 (1.5%) small cell carcinoma, and 3 (1.5%) lymphoma. Conclusions: Our study confirmed that the cell block method increases the diagnostic yield with exudative pleural effusions accompanying lung cancer.