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    The Determination of Viscosity in Barley and Using Possibilities of Barleys, Having Different Viscosity, Supplemented With Enzyme in Layer Diets
    (Indian Counc Agricultural Res, 2000) İnal, Fatma; Coşkun, B.; Balevi, Tahir; Umucalılar, H. D.; Gülşen, N.; Özkara, R.
    This study was conducted as 3 step set of experiments to investigate the possibility of using hydrolytic enzyme in laying diets. In the first trial, the crude nutrients and acid extract viscosity values of 78 barley grain samples collected from different regions of Turkiye were determined. CP values were ranging from 9.83 to 13.40% and acid extract viscosity were from 1.64 to 12.64 cS. Samples were grouped as low, medium and high viscosity barley grains. In the second trial, a commercial enzyme mixture (xylanase, alpha amylase, cellulase, glucanase, pectinase 22%, lactose 75%, citric acid 2.5%, and protease 0.5%) was added to barley samples in an inclusion of 150 mg/kg. Enzyme supply reduced the viscosities like 3.95 to 3.81 for low, 6.14 to 4.20 for medium and 10.07 to 8.53 for high viscosity classed barley samples. A control diet based corn and six experimental diets containing 30% barley (w/w) in low medium and high viscosity subgroups with and without enzyme supplementation were prepared and fed to 210 laying hens located in cages at the age of 30 weeks (n=30) for 12 weeks. The productive performance differences between treatment groups were not statistically significant. Feed consumed per dozen eggs was 2.00kg in control and 2.07kg in high viscosity barley consuming groups. In the third trial, metabolisable energy values of barley samples and the effect of enzyme supplementation on ME were determined in cockerels. The ME values were 13.90, 14.24 and 13.71 MJ/kg DM.
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    Effects of Bentonite (Excell FS/7) on Rumen Fermentation, Digestibility, Milk Yield in Dairy Cattle
    (Indian Veterinary Journal, 2000) Gülşen, N.; İnal, F.; Aslan, C.; Umucalılar, H. D.
    Turkiye has large bentonite deposits, 20% of world's. A considerable part (70-80%) of production of 300,000 tonnes is used in domestic market, the rest is exported. Bentonites are used in ceramic iııdustry, preparation of iron pellets, production of dye and varnish, construction sector, production of agricultural drug, and as adsorbent materials for cat litter, animal feeds, and pellet binder (Alzubaidy, 1992;Temur, 1994).
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    In Situ Rumen Degradation and in Vitro Gas Production of Some Selected Grains From Turkey
    (Blackwell Verlag Gmbh, 2002) Umuçalılar, H. D.; Coşkun, B.; Gülşen, N.
    An investigation of the dry matter degradability (DMD) and effective dry matter degradability (EDDM) was performed for barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oat samples, using the Nylon-bag technique. Gas production (GP), metabolizable energy (ME) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were also studied by using Hohenheim gas test. The DM from barley, wheat, rye and triticale was digested rapidly in the rumen, and, at the 48 h of incubation, degradability was found to be approximately about 80%. The higher degradability observed for these grains than for oats and corn was attributable to the structure of these grains. In contrast, DM of corn and oats was degraded very slowly and reached 66.7 and 66.5 at 48 h, respectively. Effective degradability values of barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were determined to be 61.4, 69.0, 64.0, 41.7, 66.7 and 58.6% in 5% rumen outflow rate, respectively. At the end of the 48 h incubation, total gas productions in barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were estimated to be 83.6, 87.2, 87.5, 83.5, 85.8 and 63.9 ml/200 mg DM, respectively. The mean ME values of these grains calculated from cumulative gas amount at 24 h incubation were 11.8, 12.1, 12.3, 10.9, 12.4 and 10.2 MJ/kg DM, respectively. In vitro digestible organic matter of barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were estimated to be 85.0, 87.3, 88.2, 79.5, 89.0 and 72.6%. Percentage overall EDDM (k = 5%) of barley, wheat, rye, triticale and oats was positively correlated with in vitro GP at 6 h, cumulative GP at 24 h and total GP at 48 h (p < 0 05). As a result, in situ dry matter degradation of grains showed great differences depending on the chemical compositions. In situ EDDM of grains may be predicted from in vitro gas production parameters.