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    Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Cihanbeyli basin, Konya, Central Anatolia, Turkey
    (SPRINGER, 2013) Bozdag, Ayla; Gocmez, Guler
    The Cihanbeyli basin is located in the northern part of Konya in the Central Anatolian region, Turkey and is characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions and scarcity in water resources. The suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and agricultural purposes in the Cihanbeyli basin was assessed by measuring physicochemical parameters, including major cation and anion compositions, pH, total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, and total hardness. For this purpose, 54 samples were collected from different sources viz. deep wells, shallow wells, and springs. Results from hydrochemical analyses reveal that groundwater is mostly affected by salty and gypsiferous lithologies. Evaporite minerals such as gypsum, anhydrite, and chloride salts make high contributions from the recharge areas (west, northwest, and southwest parts) toward the discharge area (central and eastern parts). High values of total dissolved solids in groundwater are associated with high concentrations of all major ions. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking water standards showed that most of the water samples are not suitable for drinking. Based on sodium absorption ratio values and percent sodium, salinity appears to be responsible for the poor groundwater quality, rendering most of the samples unsuitable for irrigation usage. It is concluded that evaporation and mineral dissolution are the main processes that determine major ion compositions.
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    HYDROCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WETLANDS IN THE CIHANBEYLI (KONYA) BASIN, CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY
    (INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2011) Bozdag, Ayla; Gocmez, Guler
    Cihanbeyli basin is located in the northern part of Konya in the Central Anatolia, Turkey. This wetland is characterized with four lakes (Salt Lake, Bolluk Lake, Tersakan Lake and Gok Lake). The Salt Lake, Tersakan Lake and Bolluk Lake are so important because of its contribution to country economy and enabling ecosystem services for endangered bird species. In recent years, The Salt, Tersakan and Bolluk Lakes are in danger of completely drying. The main reasons of drying of the lakes are global warming, the lack of precipitation, shallowness of the lakes, excessive evaporation and inadequate recharge sources. The Salt Lake, Tersakan Lake and Bolluk Lake have Na-Cl water type and EC values can be reached 592.670 mu S/cm in rainy season. Research findings point out a thundering rise at SO4 concentration in addition to Cl ion in the Bolluk and Tersakan Lakes. The Gok Lake has Na-HCO3 water type in rainy season, while it has Na-Cl water type in dry season. EC values of the Go Lake range from 1058 to 1573 mu S/cm in both seasons. All of the lakes are alkaline type with 8.15 and 9.46 pH values. Al, As, P and B values in the Salt Lake; As, Se, P and B values in the Tersakan Lake; Se, P, Pb and B values in the Bolluk Lake; As and B values in the Gok Lake are clearly exceed the aqualitic life standards. The reasons of high values of this ions in the lakes are probably due to discharging of sewage, domestic and medical wastes without purification from Konya, Cihanbeyli and the surrounding settlements to the Salt Lake, Bolluk Lake and Tersakan Lake. The delta O-18 and delta H-2 values of the lakes are range between -6.14 parts per thousand and 1.44 parts per thousand, -48.59 parts per thousand and -7.53 parts per thousand, respectively. All of the waters have meteoric origin. The samples collected from all of the lake waters show an evaporation effect. In comparison to the other lake waters, isotopic value of the Gok Lake water is poor than the other lake waters. This position shows a mixing of regional groundwater and the lake water.
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    HYDROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF WATERS IN BIGADIC-HISARKOY (BALIKESIR-TURKEY) GEOTHERMAL AREA
    (INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2008) Gocmez, Guler; Olmez, Erdogen
    Bigadic - Hisarkoy (Balikesir) Geothermal Area located in Inner West Anatolia and 57 km west of Balikesir. Kretase aged serpentines, diabases, limestones, mudstones, splits, ultrabases and radiolarites consist of ofiolits and these ofiolits formed basement rocks of investigation area. This formation covered by Tertiary aged Dedetepe formation (riodacite, dacite, tuff, agglomerate) and Quaternary aged alluvium and travertine. Investigation area was effected NS directional openings in Lower Miocene - Pliocene in West Anatolia. Faults have NW-SE and NE-SW direction. Hot and mineralized water outflowings throughout these faults. Three zones were determined for geothermal potential in investigation area. First zone is Hisarkoy residential area and surroundings, second zone is municipal hot spring facility surroundings and third zone is NW of investigation area. Bigadic - Hisarkoy area is very important for geothermal energy potential. Hot and mineralized waters are outflowing in intersection of faults which have NW-SE direction. This waters have 10 Us average debits and 24 - 93,5 degrees C temperatures. Total debit of hot water drills in investigation area is 103 l/s and temperature is 24 - 93,5 degrees C. HK-2 drill which spread in Hisarkoy area has 429 m depth, 98 degrees C temperature and 60 l/s debit. HK-3 drill has 307m depth, 98 degrees C temperature and 40 l/s debit with artesian. HK-4 drill has 750 m depth, 57 degrees C temperature and 3 l/s debit with compressor. According to AIH hot and mineralized waters in Bigadic-Hisarkoy geothermal area are named "hot waters include boron, fluorine with sodium, sulphate, chloride". Geothermal fluid can use for heating, spa and commercial growing of greenhouse flowers, vegetables, or fruits