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    Clinical and Imaging Findings in the Alveolar Echinococcosis
    (BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD, 2009) Emlik, Dilek; Odev, Kemal; Kiresi, Demet A.; Karakose, Serdar; Gok, Mehmet
    Aim: To review the imaging features of alveolar echinococcosis in eight patients with involvement of different organs. Material and Methods: Ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) examinations were performed in all patients, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) were performed for two patients. Three patients had involvement of only the liver; two had involvement of lung and liver; one had involvement of only the lung; one had involvement of liver and sternum; and one had lung, liver, and adrenal involvement. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination in all patients. Results: The lesions located in the liver were generally seen as heterogeneous hypoechogenic on US, hypodense on CT, and hypointense solid masses on MRI. These masses included necrosis and calcifications. Vascular flow on CDUS and contrast enhancement on CT and MRI were not observed in any of the lesions. On CT, lung lesions were seen as multiple, nodular, well-defined or ill-defined opacities; some had cavitations caused by necrosis. Conclusion: Knowledge of imaging characteristics of alveolar echinococcosis makes it possible to provide an early diagnosis radiologically. In addition, radiologic findings have an important role in the follow-up. Ultrasound, CT, and MRI are complementary methods in the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis.
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    The Effect of Cigarette Smoke in Bleomicyn Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Rat Model
    (AKAD DOKTORLAR YAYINEVI, 2011) Maden, Emin; Toy, Hatice; Teke, Turgut; Korkmaz, Celalettin; Kiyici, Halil; Imecik, Oktay; Gok, Mehmet
    The role of cigarette smoking in the development and outcome of pulmonary fibrosis is uncertain. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of route of bleomycin exposure in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and the effects of cigarette smoke on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We studied five groups of rats; 1-control group, 2-intratracheal bleomycin (IT), 3- intratracheal bleomycin plus cigarette smoke for 4 wk (IT-S), 4- inhaled bleomycin (IN), 5- inhaled bleomycin plus cigarette smoke for 4 wk (IN-S). According to Aschoft's criteria, fibrosis score was higher in IT and IT-S compared to control, IN and INS groups. There was no significant difference between IT and IT-S groups. Histopathological evaluation of the lungs of rats revealed that neutrophils, macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes in alveolar interstitial space were significantly higher in IT and IT-S compared to IN and IN-S (p < 0.001). IT and IT-S showed a severe collagen, laminin, elastin, fibronectin and proteoglican levels in alveolar, vascular, airway and interstitial space. IN and IN-S showed mild inflammation in lung. There were alveolitis, edema, peribronchial fibrosis, fibroblast proliferation and emphysematous lesions in all groups except for the control group. In this study, we showed that in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats, intratracheal administration of bleomycin is more effective than bleomycin inhalation and smoking has no additional effect on development of fibrosis.
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    Single dose of tiotropium improves the 6-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    (SPRINGER, 2006) Okudan, Nilsel; Gok, Mehmet; Gokbel, Hakki; Suerdem, Mecit
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of tiotropium on the exercise capacity of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study. Forty-four stable COPD patients with moderate to severe airway obstruction were selected according to the GOLD criteria. The regular anticholinergic therapies of the patients were interrupted one week before the test. In the morning hours of the first day, half the group was given one capsule (18 mcg) of tiotropium and the other half was given placebo as inhalation using the HandiHaler (R) device. Before and 120 min after the medication, the 6-min walk test was performed * Oxygen saturation, modified Borg dyspnea ratings, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded before and after the test. The same procedure was repeated at the same time on the third day but this time the patients were given placebo if they used tiotropium on the first day and vice versa. Before using tiotropium or placebo there was no difference between 6-min walk distances. The 6-min walk distance after the use of tiotropium (429.3 +/- 70.6 m) was significantly longer than that after the use of placebo (414.7 +/- 74.6 m). The changes in Borg dyspnea ratings and arterial oxygen saturation values with tiotropium and placebo use were not significant. We conclude that exercise capacity might be improved by using a single-dose tiotropium inhalation in moderate to severe COPD patients.