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    Estimation of in vitro neuroprotective properties and quantification of rutin and fatty acids in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cultivated in Turkey
    (ELSEVIER, 2012) Gulpinar, Ali Rifat; Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Kan, Asuman; Senol, Fatma Sezer; Celik, Sadiye Ayse; Kartal, Murat
    Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is a popular food crop plant from Polygonaceae. In this study, we investigated the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of the seed, stem, and aerial parts of the plant for their neuroprotective effect through acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was measured using the scavenging activity tests against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD), superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide radicals and the metal-related methods; metal-chelating capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and phosphomolibdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) assays. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were calculated spectrophotometrically. Chemical composition of the seed oil was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and rutin was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The extracts were more active against butyrylcholinesterase and highly able to scavenge DPPH. The ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts and the ethanol extract of the stems displayed a remarkable effect in the FRAP assay. None of the extracts had capacity to chelate the iron. According to LC-MS analysis, the richest plant part in terms of rutin was found to be the aerial parts. GC-MS analysis revealed that the seed oil was dominated by oleic (33.15%), linoleic (31.93%), and palmitic (13.15%) acids. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    LC-MS quantification of parthenolide and cholinesterase inhibitory potential of selected Tanacetum L. (Emend. Briq.) taxa
    (ELSEVIER, 2015) Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Tosun, Fatma; Gulpinar, Ali Rifat; Kartal, Murat; Duran, Ahmet; Mihoglugil, Feyyaz; Akalgan, Demet
    The acetonitrile extracts of various Tanacetum L. (Emend. Briq.) taxa from Turkey as well as parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone found in Tanacetum species as active substance were investigated for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the key enzymes in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, at 100 mu g mL(-1) using ELISA microplate assay. Most of the extracts displayed a remarkable AChE inhibition where the leaf of Tanacetum argenteum subsp. flabellifolium had the highest inhibition (96.68 +/- 0.35%). The extracts had moderate inhibition toward BChE, among which the stem of Tanacetum argyrophyllum var. argyrophyllum-1 exerted the best inhibition (63.81 +/- 3.64%). However, parthenolide exhibited low inhibition against both of the enzymes. Total flavonoid content of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. Parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, was quantified in these taxa by LC-MS and the leaf of T. argenteum subsp. argenteum possessed the richest parthenolide amount (2.261 +/- 0.002%), while most of the species screened were found to contain the required percentage (0.2% minimum) by European Pharmacopeia. (C) 2014 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.