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    The effects of withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral supplements from layer diets on egg yield and trace mineral composition
    (CARFAX PUBLISHING, 2001) Inal, F; Coskun, B; Gulsen, N; Kurtoglu, V
    1. This study was conducted as three trials. 2. In the first trial, zinc, manganese, copper and iron concentrations were determined in dietary raw materials collected from various regions of Turkey. 3. In the second trial, 200 Hisex Brown laying hens, 30 weeks of age, were divided into two groups. The first group served as controls and were fed on a standard commercial layer diet. The second group were fed on a commercial layer diet that was not supplemented with trace minerals and vitamins. Egg production, egg weight, specific gravity, food consumption and food efficiency of the birds in each group were determined. In the unsupplemented group, egg production (0.75 vs 0.83) and food intake (114 vs 122 g) were lower than the those of the control group (P<0.05). Food efficiency was 2.42 (kg food/ kg gain) in the group consuming the unsupplemented diet and 2.36 in the controls. 4. In the third trial, as in Trial 2, Hisex Brown laying hens, 62 weeks of age were used. In the unsupplemented group, the mean egg weight was significantly lower than that of controls (68.0 vs 69.6 g) (P<0.01). 5. At the end of the second and third trials, egg samples collected from experimental groups were hard boiled in water. The levels of zinc, manganese, copper and iron in the egg yolk were determined. The zinc level of the egg yolk from the control group of second trial was higher (23.5 mg/kg) than those of the unsupplemented group (13.6 mg/kg).
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    The nutritive value of Prangos ferulacea
    (WILEY, 2004) Coskun, B; Gulsen, N; Umucalilar, HD
    This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of Prangos ferulacea, a plant found in the Mediterranean and Middle-east regions, where it is used as animal fodder. Samples of mature plants were collected from S.E. Turkey. Metabolizable energy (ME) values were estimated from in vitro gas production measurements and from chemical composition. ME concentrations of the whole plant, leaves and stems were estimated to be 12.2, 11.9 and 12.7 MJ kg(-1) dry matter (DM) respectively, which compares favourably with high-quality forages commonly used in ruminant feeding. The DM degradability of the whole plant, leaves and stems increased up until 48 h of in situ incubation, 866, 915 and 784 g kg(-1) DM respectively, but changed little between 48 and 72 h. In vitro DM and organic matter digestibility of the whole plant, leaves and stems were 0.769 and 0.806, 0.773 and 0.790, and 0.740 and 0.840 respectively. The results show that P. ferulacea may be regarded as a high-energy forage, but further research is needed on its intake characteristics and the levels of animal performance that can be achieved from its inclusion in the diet.
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    Prediction of nutritive value of a native forage, Prangos uechritzii, using of in situ and in vitro measurements
    (ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2004) Gulsen, N; Coskun, B; Umucalilar, HD; Dural, H
    This study was carried out to determine the chemical composition, in situ dry matter (DM) degradability, in vitro digestibilities and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of Prangos uechtritzii at different stages of maturity (prebud, mid-flower and late flower) naturally grown in some and regions of Turkey. The proportion of leaf at mid- and late-flower decreased compared to prebud stage. Stage of maturity affected DM and crude protein contents of the P. uechtritzii and fractions. In the whole-plant, NDF and ADF concentrations increased with plant maturity as a result of increased stem ratio. The effective degradability of dry matter, in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and ME did not change greatly by stage of maturity. Compared to ordinary forages used in ruminant feeding, the forage nutritive value of P. uechtritzii was equal to or better. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.