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Öğe Application of reproductive biotechnologies for sustainable production of livestock in Turkey(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2018) Kaya, Abdullah; Gunes, Erdogan; Memili, ErdoganReproductive biotechnology encompasses powerful tools to enhance the efficiency and profitability of livestock reproduction, production, and product quality. These technologies include genomic selection, evaluation of semen (from bulls, bucks, and rams) using advanced cell and molecular technologies, semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination, estrus synchronization, superovulation of the females (cows, dams, and ewes), ovum pick-up, in vitro fertilization and embryo culture, embryo transfer, and pregnancy detection. The extent of applications of these modern technologies and their economic impacts for livestock production in Turkey are elusive. As a result, there is an urgent need for sound economic analyses, research and education, training of animal producers to facilitate technology transfer, and informing of the public of the benefits of animal biotechnology. The objective of this study was to provide a review of key reproductive technologies and economic analyses of them, followed by an outlook on the future production of cattle, goats, and sheep in Turkey. This review is an important resource for students, researchers, and producers for a better understanding and for the application of cutting-edge biotechnology in efficient, sustainable, and profitable livestock production.Öğe Assessment of antimutagenic action of Celtis glabrata Steven ex Planch. (Cannabaceae) extracts against base pair exchange and frame shift mutations on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains by Ames test(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016) Akin, Duygu; Durak, Yusuf; Uysal, Ahmet; Gunes, Erdogan; Aladag, Mustafa OnurContext: Celtis glabrata is used in Turkey for the treatment of various health disorders. Objective: The acetone, chloroform, ethanol, and methanol extracts of C. glabrata leaf, fruit, and seed were investigated to evaluate their antimutagenic activities. Material and methods: The antimutagenicity of these extracts was determined by Ames test against mutagens (4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), and sodium azide (SA)). The extracts were used at concentrations between 5 and 0.005 mg/plate. Results: The ethanol extracts of leaves exhibited strong antimutagenicity (70%) against 2-AF with S9 at 5 mg/plate on TA98. But methanol (61%, 53%) and acetone (53%, 52%) also revealed strong inhibition rates at concentrations of >= 0.5 mg/plate. Among the extracts, the highest activity (96%) was obtained from acetone extract against SA without S9, followed by chloroform extract (91%) at a dose of 5 mg/plate on TA100 with S9. Ethanol (without S9) and chloroform (with S9) extracts showed strong antimutagenicity at all doses. Exception of chloroform and acetone (without S9), all fruit extracts (with/without S9) manifested strong antimutagenicity at doses of >= 0.5 mg/plate on TA98 strain. Ethanol extracts revealed 68% inhibition against 2-AF on TA98. Acetone and ethanol extracts manifested 84% and 82% inhibition against SA on TA100, respectively. All the extracts of seeds revealed strong inhibition against 2-AF at >= 0.5 mg/plate doses on TA98, but acetone extract showed excellent antimutagenicity (94%). Moreover, the chloroform (74, 73, 63, 54%), acetone (74, 72, 70, 65%) and methanol (74, 67, 63, 61%) extracts of seeds revealed strong antimutagenic activity on TA100 against SA with S9. Discussion and conclusion: This plant may be natural source of antimutagenic agents.Öğe Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Urinary Tract infections: Detection of ESBL Characteristics, Antibiotic Susceptibility and RAPD Genotyping(POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MIKROBIOLOGOW-POLISH SOCIETY OF MICROBIOLOGISTS, 2013) Aladag, Mustafa Onur; Uysal, Ahmet; Dundar, Niyazi; Durak, Yusuf; Gunes, ErdoganIn this study, a hundred Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from urinary tract infections were evaluated in terms of genotyping, susceptibility to certain antibiotics and detection of extended spectrum of beta lactamase (ESBL) production. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) method was used to identify the genetic differentiation of K. pneumoniae isolates. A total of 26 different DNA bands ranging between 334 bp and 28033 bp were detected among the strains. It was found that 100 K pneumoniae strains revealed 11 different RAPD profiles. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted using a disc diffusion method against 16 antibiotics. Fifty-five different resistance profiles were determined among the strains. ESBL-productions of the strains were determined by the double disc synergy test (DDST) and ESBL E-test methods. ESBL production rates among the strains were found to be 55% by E-test method and 45% by DDST method. While ESBL-producing K pneumoniae strains showed the greatest resistance to penicillin G (100%), followed by piperacillin (92.7%) and erythromycin (85.4%),the resistance rates of non ESBL producing strains to those antibiotics were determined as 97.8%, 88.8% and 88.8%, respectively. Both groups of strains showed the highest sensitivity to meropenem. Based on the results obtained from the study, it was concluded that the detection of ESBL-producing strains by the E-test method was more sensitive than by the DDST method. Phenotypic and genotypic identification methods should be used together to detect ESBL presence. The RAPD-PCR method alone will not be adequate in the genotyping of the strains and alternative DNA-based methods should be used.Öğe CHARACTERIZATION OF UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS: ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS, DETECTION OF ESBL GENES AND INTERACTIONS BY LYTIC PHAGES(PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2018) Uysal, Ahmet; Gunes, Erdogan; Arslan, Emine; Durak, YusufIn this study, 97 Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections were evaluated in terms of phenotypic diversity, susceptibility to sixteen antibiotics, and extended spectrum of beta lactamase (ESBL) characteristics. The bacteriophage interactions was used to identify the relations of the E.coli isolates. Results showed that 21 of the 76 typable strains revealed 19 different phage types. Phage types of 21 strains could not be determined. Antibiotic susceptibility tests, performed against sixteen antibiotics, showed that although the isolates revealed 44 different types of resistance profiles, the strains showed the greatest resistance to cephalothin (54.6%), followed by tetracycline (53.6%), nalidixic acid (44.3%), and aztreonam and ofloxacin (29.8%). There was no resistance to amikacin and meropenem, and all strains were susceptible to meropenem. ESBL detection conducted by double disc synergy and multiplex polymerase chain reaction methods showed that 13 of 97 (13.4%) strains were ESBL-producing. Of the 13 ESBL-producing isolates, two carried bla(CTX-M), six bla(TEM), five bla(OXA), and one bla(TEM) and bla(SHV) at same time. We concluded that lytic phages could not be successful for typing the strains phenotypically. The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance levels and antimicrobial usage in humans should be an integral part of the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance.Öğe Investigation mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials of root methanol extract of Ferula elaeochytris Korovin by salmonella/microsome test system(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Durak, Yusuf; Uysal, Ahmet; Gunes, Erdogan[Abstract not Available]Öğe Investigation of Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Various Sources by Different Methods(DR M N KHAN, 2013) Gunes, Erdogan; Durak, YusufObject of this study is to determine methicillin resistance of 150 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated and identified from various sources by the methods of oxacillin agar screen, broth microdilution and oxacillin disc diffusion, to compare sensitivity and specificity of these methods by making oxacillin agar screen test reference and to determine multi-antibiotic resistance in these strains. 16 (10.7%) of the 150 strains were determined as Methicillin-Resistant S.aureus (MRSA) through the methods of agar screen and microdilution while 17 (11.3%) strains were found as the same through the method of disc diffusion. Agar screen and microdilution methods were found as 100% compatible with each other. Sensitivity of the disc diffusion method was calculated as 100% while its specificity was calculated as 99.2%. Antibiotic susceptibility tests conducted by using the disc diffusion method against 10 antibiotics showed that the highest resistances of MRSA and MSSA (Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus) strains were determined as 100% and 93.3% to penicillin, 81.2% and 5.2% to tetracycline, 62.5% and 1.5% to ofloxacin, 56.2% and 0.7% to rifampin respectively while all strains were found susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin. It was seen that multiple-antibiotic resistance in MRSA strains are higher compared with that in MSSA strains. It has been thought that linezolid may be an alternative for vancomycin in curing MRSA infections.Öğe New Prospective Materials for Chemoprevention: Three Phlomis(SCIENCEDOMAIN INT, 2016) Uysal, Ahmet; Gunes, Erdogan; Sarikurkcu, Cengiz; Celik, Handan; Durak, Yusuf; Uren, Mehmet CemilAim: Plants are permanent sources of biologically active compounds, used by about 80% of the world population as manufactured drugs. The aims of this paper are to determine the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts from Phlomis nissoli (PNM, PNE, PNW) Phlomis pungens var. pungens (PPM, PPE, PPW) and Phlomis armeniaca (PAM, PAE, PAW) against well-known mutagens. Methodology: Mutagenic/antimutagenic activities were determined by Ames test. Results: Extracts of P. nissoli, P. pungens and P. armeniaca were not mutagenic against TA98 and TA100 in the condition both with and without S9 mix. The strongest antimutagenic action was revealed by PNE extract at a dose of 5000 mu g/plate against 2-amino-flourene with 96% inhibition for TA98 with S9 mix. PNM extract alleviated the mutagenic action of 2-amino-anthracene and exhibited strong inhibition rates (93%, 78%, 57%, respectively) with S9 mix at all doses for TA100 strain. While PAE extract manifested 95%, 91% and 84% inhibition against 2-amino-flourene for TA98, it revealed 90%, 84%, and 87% inhibition ratios, respectively, making them as strongly antimutagenic against 2-amino-anthracene for TA100 with S9 mix. Conclusion: P. nissoli, P. pungens and P. armeniaca extracts have significant antimutagenic capacities and they can represent a good model for the development of new drug formulations in pharmaceutical industry and they could be used in food industry as chemoprevention agent.