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    Bupivacaine and ropivacaine: Comparative effects on nerve conduction block
    (PROUS SCIENCE, SAU-THOMSON REUTERS, 2007) Bariskaner, H.; Ayaz, M.; Guney, F. B.; Dalkilic, N.; Guney, O.
    Unlike other drugs which act in the region of the synapse, local anesthetics are agents that reversibly block the generation and conduction of nerve impulses along a nerve fiber. This study aims to investigate the comparative inhibitions of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on the frog sciatic nerve. Isolated nerves were transferred to the nerve chamber which includes Ringer's solution. The nerves were stimulated by), standard square wave pulse protocols and the responses were recorded with conventional systems. Bupivacaine (n = 8) and ropivacaine (n 8) were administered in the nerve chamber both with cumulative concentrations (10(-9) to 10(-3) M) and the effects were monitored for variable time periods (5. 10 and 15 min). Both bupivacaine and ropivacaine significantly depressed the compound action potential (CAP) parameters in a dose-dependent (p < 0.05) and reversible manner. Difference in the eftects of these two drugs was detectable only when the dose (>= 10(-5) M) and exposure time (15 min) were increased. Percent inhibitions in maximum derivatives and latency-period measurements have shown that ropivacaine is not only fast but also much more powerful in conduction block for longer and higher doses. Blipivacaine, on the other hand, is effective in the group of fibers with relatively slower conduction velocity for all the measured doses and time periods. In conclusion, ropivacaine has a sensory specific side of action, when compared with the bupivacaine. (c) 2007 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
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    The Effect of Diazepam on the Development of Neural Tube Defects in Early Chick Embryos
    (Turkish Neurosurgical Society, 1999) Guney, O.; Selcuki, M.; Unlu, A.; Bagdatoglu, C.
    This study reveals the effects of diazepam on the development of neural tube defects in the chick based on light microscopy and histopathological study. Thirty fertile Hubbard Broil eggs were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 embryos (n:15) at Stage 8 (the four-somite stage) of development were explanted and grown for 18 hours in nutrient medium (thin albumin). Group 2 embryos (n:15) at Stage 8 (four-somite stage) of development were explanted and grown for 18 hours in nutrient medium containing 400 ?g/ml Diazepam. After the incubation period, 86.6% of the control embryos (Group 1) had intact neural tubes, and 80% of the Group 2 embryos showed neural tube defects. The results of this study suggest that Diazepam causes neural tube defects.