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    Effects of adding yeast cell walls and Yucca schidigera extract to diets of layer chicks
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011) Gurbuz, E.; Balevi, T.; Kurtoglu, V.; Oznurlu, Y.
    1. This research was conducted to determine the impact of diet supplementation with yeast cell walls and Yucca schidigera extract on the growth performance, antibody titres, and intestinal tissue histology of layer chicks. 2. White, 1-d-old, Hy-Line hybrid chicks (n = 840) were divided into 4 main groups, each comprising 7 replicates of 30 chicks (n = 210): (1) control; (2) 1000 mg/kg yeast cell walls (YCW) added; (3) 1000 mg/kg Yucca schidigera extract (YE) added; and (4) 500 mg/kg YE + 500 mg/kg YCW added. The trial lasted 60 d. 3. Daily weight gain of the chicks was positively affected between d 45-60 in the YE and YCW + YE groups compared with the control group. 4. Overall, feed consumption did not differ between the control and YCW, YE, YCW + YE groups during the 60 d study period. Feed efficiency was better in the YE and YCW + YE groups than in the control group between d 1-60. 5. During the 60 d evaluation period, live weight gain, and final live weight were higher in YE and YCW + YE groups than in the control group. 6. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease did not differ among the 4 treatments, but those for Newcastle disease were higher in the YE + YCW groups than in the control, YCW and YE groups on d 45. 7. There were differences in intestinal histomorphometry between the 4 treatments. The height of the jejunal and ileal villi was greater in the YE and YCW + YE groups than in the control and YCW groups 8. It can be concluded that YCW and YE supplementation for layer chicks is beneficial for growth performance and intestinal histology during the 1-60 d growing period.
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    The effects of roughage type on the daily patterns of feed intake and eating behaviour in young sheep
    (ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2013) Polat, E. S.; Coskun, B.; Gurbuz, E.; Balevi, T.
    The effects of roughage type on the daily patterns of feed intake and eating behaviour were investigated in young sheep, individually housed. A total of 24 young sheep were allotted in 4 equal groups according to the roughage type (barley straw, corn silage, alfalfa hay and sugar beet pulp) distributed ad libitum 6 times a day in 4 hours meal intervals. Roughage intake and eating behaviour were analysed using a camera recording system for 24 hours for 7 days. The intake of barley straw (characterized by the highest crude fiber and NDF contents) was significantly depressed compared to the other roughages leading to a significantly decreased body weight and sheep spent significantly less time and low frequently eating and they have presented significantly longer resting periods than others. Sheep have eaten significantly more alfalfa hay (crude fiber: 30.1% and NDF: 50.0%) than the other roughages, have spent frequently and long time eating and have rested frequently. In the group fed with sugar beet pulp (crude fiber: 17.5% and NDF: 46.0%), animals have preferred shorter but more frequent meals than with corn silage (crude fiber: 25.2% and NDF: 64.0%) and alfalfa hay including after midnight whereas sheep from the other groups were sleeping. These results show that the NDF and moisture contents of the roughage directly affected the ingestibility leading to some changes in the eating behaviour, particularly in the frequency and quantity of meals and in the duration of resting periods.