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Öğe Ancient DNA from 8400 Year-Old Catalhoyuk Wheat: Implications for the Origin of Neolithic Agriculture(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2016) Bilgic, Hatice; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Akkaya, Mahinur S.Human history was transformed with the advent of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent with wheat as one of the founding crops. Although the Fertile Crescent is renowned as the center of wheat domestication, archaeological studies have shown the crucial involvement of Catalhoyuk in this process. This site first gained attention during the 1961-65 excavations due to the recovery of primitive hexaploid wheat. However, despite the seeds being well preserved, a detailed archaeobotanical description of the samples is missing. In this article, we report on the DNA isolation, amplification and sequencing of ancient DNA of charred wheat grains from Catalhoyuk and other Turkish archaeological sites and the comparison of these wheat grains with contemporary wheat species including T. monococcum, T. dicoccum, T. dicoccoides, T. durum and T. aestivum at HMW glutenin protein loci. These ancient samples represent the oldest wheat sample sequenced to date and the first ancient wheat sample from the Middle East. Remarkably, the sequence analysis of the short DNA fragments preserved in seeds that are approximately 8400 years old showed that the Catalhoyuk wheat stock contained hexaploid wheat, which is similar to contemporary hexaploid wheat species including both naked (T. aestivum) and hulled (T. spelta) wheat. This suggests an early transitory state of hexaploid wheat agriculture from the Fertile Crescent towards Europe spanning present-day Turkey.Öğe Assessment of genetic variability for grain nutrients from diverse regions: potential for wheat improvement(SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2016) Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Thomas, George; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Gezgin, Sait; Gizlenci, OzgeBackground: A total of 150 bread wheat genotypes representing 121 Indian and 29 Turkish origin were screened for nutrient concentrations and grain protein content. Elemental and grain protein composition were studied by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer and LECO analyser, respectively. The study was performed to determine the variability in nutrient concentrations present in the collected wheat genetic material from two countries. Results: Several fold variations among genotypes existed for almost all the elements. Three major components of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 60.8% variation among the genotypes. Nutrient variables segregated into two groups, one group containing all the macroelements except sulphur; and another cluster containing proteins and all the microelements except Zn and Mn. Pearson correlation analysis and heat-map were in accordance with each other determining strong positive association between P-K, Mn-Zn, Mg-S and Cu-protein content. Also, PCA and hierarchical grouping divided all the Indian and Turkish genotypes in two main clusters. Conclusions: Nutritional profile differentiated the genotypes from two countries into separate groups. However, some of the varieties were closely associated and indicated the success of global wheat exchange programs. While most of the correlations were in agreement with the previous studies, non-association of zinc with grain protein content directed towards its control by some other genetic factors. Some of the experimental wheat varieties with promising nutrient content have been suggested for future wheat advancement programs. Results obtained will be supportive for breeders involved in wheat biofortification programs, food industries and people relying on whole grain wheat products.Öğe bFGF regulates gene profiling of dental-MSCs isolated from deciduous and permanent teeth(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Hakki, Sema S.; Bozkurt, Buket S.; Karaoz, Erdal; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Kayis, Seyit Ali[Abstract not Available]Öğe Biostimulation with diode laser positively regulates cementoblast functions, in vitro(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2017) Bozkurt, Serife Buket; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Dundar, Niyazi; Hakki, Sema S.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diode laser biostimulation on cementoblasts (OCCM. 30). A total of 40 root plates were obtained from healthy third molar teeth and assigned to the following two groups: (1) control group and (2) laser-treated group. Root plates were placed into the cell culture inserts, and OCCM. 30 cells were seeded onto root plates. Cells were irradiated with a low level of diode laser (power: 0.3 W in continuous wave, 60 s/cm(2)). Proliferation and mineralized tissue-associated gene's and BMP's messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of cementoblasts were evaluated. Total RNAs were isolated on day 3 and integrin-binding sialoprotein (Ibsp), bone gammacarboxyglutamate protein (Bglap), Type I collagen (Col1a1), osteoblastic transcription factor, runt-related transcription factor (Runx2), and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 mRNA expressions were determined using quantitative RT-PCR. von Kossa staining was performed to evaluate biomineralization of OCCM. 30 cells. In the proliferation experiment, while there was no significant difference until 96 h, laser irradiation retarded the decrease in cell proliferation trend after 96 h compared to the untreated control group. Statistically significant increase in Ibsp, Bglap, and BMP-2,3,6,7 mRNA expressions were noted in the laser groups when compared to the untreated control group (p < 0.05). Laser irradiation induced mineralized nodule formation of cementoblasts. The results of this study reveal that the biostimulation setting of diode laser modulates the behavior of cementoblasts inducing mineralized tissue-associated gene's mRNA expressions and mineralization. Therefore, biostimulation can be used during regenerative periodontal therapies to trigger cells with periodontal attachment apparatus.Öğe BMP-6 regulates osteogenic differentiation of the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs)(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012) Hakki, Sema S.; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Bozkurt, S. Buket; Turac, Gizem; Karaoz, Erdal[Abstract not Available]Öğe BMP-6 regulates osteogenic differentiation of the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs)d(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012) Hakki, Sema S.; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Bozkurt, S. Buket; Turac, Gizem; Karaoz, Erdal[Abstract not Available]Öğe Bone morphogenetic protein-2, -6, and -7 differently regulate osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014) Hakki, Sema S.; Bozkurt, Buket; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Turac, Gizem; Yilmaz, Irem; Karaoz, ErdalThe utility of adult stem cells for bone regeneration may be an attractive alternative in the treatment of extensive injury, congenital malformations, or diseases causing large bone defects. To create an environment that is supportive of bone formation, signals from molecules such as the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are required to engineer fully viable and functional bone. We therefore determined whether BMP-2, -6, and -7 differentially regulate the (1) proliferation, (2) mineralization, and (3) mRNA expression of bone/mineralized tissue associated genes of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), which were obtained from periodontal ligament tissue of human impacted third molars. hPDLSCs from six participants were isolated and characterized using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. A real-time cell analyzer was used to evaluate the effects of BMP-2, -6, and -7 on the proliferation of hPDLSCs. hPDLSCs were treated with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing different concentrations of BMP-2, -6, and -7 (10, 25, 50, 100 ng/mL) and monitored for 264 hours. After dose-response experiments, 50 and 100 ng/mL concentrations of BMPs were used to measure bone/mineralized tissue-associated gene expression. Type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteoblastic transcription factor Runx2 mRNA expression of hPDLSCs treated with BMP-2, -6, and -7, were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. Biomineralization of hPDLSCs was assessed using von Kossa staining. This study demonstrated that BMPs at various concentrations differently regulate the proliferation, mineralization, and mRNA expression of bone/mineralized tissue associated genes in hPDLSCs. BMPs regulate hPDLSC proliferation in a time and dose-dependent manner when compared to an untreated control group. BMPs induced bone/mineralized tissue-associated gene mRNA expression and biomineralization of hPDLSCs. The most pronounced induction occurred in the BMP-6 group in the biomineralization of the hPDLSCs. Our data suggest that BMP-2, -6, and -7 are potent regulators of hPDLSC gene expression and biomineralization. Employing BMPs with hPDLSCs isolated from periodontal ligament tissues provides a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 119-130, 2014.Öğe Boron application affecting the yield and fatty acid composition of soybean genotypes(CZECH ACADEMY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2019) Hamurcu, Mehmet.; Arslan, Derya.; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Ozcan, M. Musa.; Pandey, Anamika.; Khan, Mohd Kamran.; Gezgin, SaltThe effects of different boron (B) dosages (0, 2 and 12 mg B/kg) were determined on four soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, namely 13935, Turksoy, ME 3399 and Deficiency. B contents of the dried plant samples, dry weight, total oil, biomass, seed yield (g/pot), seed protein contents and seed fatty acid compositions were estimated. The seed protein content and shoot dry weight of soybean cultivars increased and decreased with B supply, respectively. The seed oil of cv. Turksoy had the highest ratio of stearic and oleic acids under 2 mg B/kg treatment. The highest total oil content under 12 mg B/kg treatment was observed in cv. Deficiency with 8% higher total oil content. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids decreased in cvs. 13935 and ME 3399, and increased in cvs. Turksoy and Deficiency at B treatments. Seeds oil of cvs. 13935 and ME 3399 showed the highest a-linolenic acid levels under 2 mg B/kg and 12 mg B/kg soil treatment, respectively. The study revealed that high concentrations of boron had a diminishing effect on seed yield (except cv.Turksoy), increasing effect on protein content and variable effect on saturated and unsaturated fatty acid compositions. This specifies the involvement of boron in the formation of seed protein and fatty acids in soybean. However, detailed research is required to understand the mechanisms behind the process.Öğe Boron enhances strength and alters mineral composition of bone in rabbits fed a high energy diet(ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, 2013) Hakki, Sema S.; Dundar, Niyazi; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Kerimoglu, Ulku; Baspinar, NuriAn experiment was performed to determine whether boron had a beneficial effect on bone strength and composition in rabbits with apparent adiposity induced by a high energy diet. Sixty female New Zealand rabbits, aged 8 months, were randomly divided into five groups with the following treatments for seven months: control 1, fed alfalfa hay only (5.91 MJ/kg); control 2, high energy diet (11.76 MJ and 3.88 mg boron/kg); B10, high energy diet + 10 mg/kg body weight boron gavage/96 h; B30, high energy diet + 30 mg/kg body weight boron gavage/96 h; B50, high energy diet + 50 mg/kg body weight boron gavage/96 h. Bone boron concentrations were lowest in rabbits fed the high energy diet without boron supplementation, which suggested an inferior boron status. Femur maximum breaking force was highest in the B50 rabbits. Tibia compression strength was highest in B30 and B50 rabbits. All boron treatments significantly increased calcium and magnesium concentrations, and the B30 and B50 treatments increased the phosphorus concentration in tibia of rabbits fed the high energy diet. The B30 treatment significantly increased calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations in femur of rabbits fed the high energy diet. Principal component analysis of the tibia minerals showed that the three boron treatments formed a separate cluster from controls. Discriminant analysis suggested that the concentrations of the minerals in femur could predict boron treatment. The findings indicate boron has beneficial effects on bone strength and mineral composition in rabbits fed a high energy diet. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Cladistic and phylogenetic analyses of the genus Cicer in Turkey(SPRINGER WIEN, 2013) Ozturk, Meryem; Duran, Ahmet; Hakki, Erdogan E.Fifteen taxa of the genus Cicer L. growing naturally in Turkey and out-groups were classified by phylogenetic and cladistic analysis. Taxa of the genus Cicer and the out-group taxa belonging to the closest genera Phaseolus L., Vicia L., Lathyrus L. and Ononis L., which are placed in Phaseoleae, Vicieae and Ononideae tribes, respectively, were used in molecular studies in order to derive their phylogenetic relationships. Morphological, palynological and seed characters were used on the basis of 143 traits. The micromorphological characters of seed and pollen grains were revealed by SEM. Lathyrus L. and Vicia L. species were used as out-groups for numerical analysis. Ten specimens were used for the measurements of metric characters related to the morphological structures of the taxa used for statistical analysis via PAUP and NTSYS-pc packages. Phylogenetic relationships between species and populations of the same species growing in different locations and their variations were determined using molecular methods performed on regions of the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). DNA was isolated from the collected samples, using modified CTAB protocols. ISSR was used for phylogenetic fingerprinting. The data were analyzed with NTSYS-pc package. Standardized data were used to generate a dendrogram that revealed the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa. Geographic distribution of the Cicer taxa appears to be closely related to the Anatolian Diagonal. As a result of this study, four new endemic taxa were added and evaluated for the first time.Öğe Comparison of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Palatal versus Lipoaspirated Adipose Tissue(KARGER, 2017) Hakki, Sema S.; Turac, Gizem; Bozkurt, S. Buket; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Sahin, Eren; Subasi, CansuObjectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the proliferation and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from palatal adipose tissue (PAT) and lipoaspirated adipose tissue (LAT). Materials and Methods: PATs were obtained from 2 healthy female patients undergoing surgery for gingival recession, and LATs were obtained from 2 healthy female patients undergoing plastic surgery. LAT-and PAT-derived MSCs were confirmed by flow cytometry using MSC-specific surface markers. The multilineage differentiation capacity of the MSCs was analyzed. The expression of immunophenotyping, embryonic, and differentiation markers was compared between both MSC lines. The proliferation of PAT-and LAT-MSCs was evaluated using a real-time cell analyzer, and telomerase activity was determined using an ELISA-based TRAP assay. Stem cells isolated from PAT and LAT were analyzed by real-time PCR and whole genome array analysis. Results: The cells isolated from PAT had MSC characteristics. In addition, PAT-MSCs had significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic potential than LAT-MSCs. Although the proliferation and telomerase activities of LAT-MSCs were higher than those of PAT-MSCs, the difference was not statistically significant. The level of embryonic stem cell markers (Oct4 and Nanog) was higher in LAT-MSCs than in PAT-MSCs. The whole genome array analysis demonstrated that 255 gene sequences were differentially expressed, with more than a twofold change in expression. Conclusions: This is the first comparative analysis of the isolation and characterization of MSCs from PAT and LAT. PAT is an accessible source of MSCs, which could be used in periodontal and craniofacial tissue engineering. (C) 2017 S. Karger AG, BaselÖğe Comparison of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated From Pulp and Periodontal Ligament(WILEY, 2015) Hakki, Sema S.; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Bozkurt, S. Buket; Duruksu, Gokhan; Unal, Zehra Seda; Turac, GizemBackground: Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seems promising to obtain regeneration of dental tissues. A comparison of tissue sources, including periodontal ligament (PDL) versus pulp (P), could provide critical information to select an appropriate MSC population for designing predictable regenerative therapies. The purpose of this study is to compare the proliferation and stemness and the MSC-specific and mineralized tissue-specific gene expression of P-MSCs and PDL-MSCs. Methods: MSCs were obtained from PDL and P tissue of premolars (n = 3) extracted for orthodontic reasons. MSC proliferation was evaluated using a real-time cell analyzer for 160 hours. Telomerase activity was evaluated by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total RNA was isolated from the MSCs on day 3. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was used to compare the expression of MSC-specific genes. The expression of mineralized tissue-associated genes, including Type I collagen (COL I), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN) messenger RNA (mRNA), was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Higher proliferation potential and telomerase activity were observed in the P-MSCs compared to PDL-MSCs of premolar teeth. Fourteen of 84 genes related to MSCs were expressed differently in the PDL-MSCs versus the P-MSCs. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP6; sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9); integrin, alpha 6 (ITGA6); melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM); phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class S (PIGS); prominin 1 (PROM1); ribosomal protein L13A (RPL13A); and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) were higher in the P-MSCs compared to the PDL-MSCs, and higher expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), interleukin (IL)-6, insulin (INS), alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase (ANPEP), and IL-10 were observed in the PDL-MSCs. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of mineralized tissue-associated genes, including BSP and RunX2, between the P-MSCs and the PDL-MSCs. Higher expression of COL I and lower expression of OCN mRNA transcripts were noted in the PDL-MSCs compared to the P-MSCs. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that MSCs isolated from P and PDL tissues show different cellular behavior. To increase the predictability of MSC-based regenerative treatment, differences in dental tissue-derived MSCs and favorable aspects of cell sources should be further clarified.Öğe Determination of the relationship among Old World Lupin (Lupinus sp.) species using RAPD and ISSR markers(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2009) Yorgancilar, Mustafa; Babaoglu, Mehmet; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Atalay, EmineRandomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used to determine the genetic relationships among 20 Old World lupin genotypes from 3 lupin species (Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius, L. luteus) using 15 primers in each case. Polymorphism was observed in reactions with 9 out of 15 tested RAPD primers, and 11 out of 15 tested ISSR primers. Relationship was determined on the basis of polymorphic products analysis which was shown in the form of dendrograms by UPGMA method. Both RAPD and ISSR markers worked well to identify distinct grouping among three species and among genotypes within a species. The parallel use of both data set seems to allow precise estimation of cultivars relationship and diminishing mistakes connected with method's technical limitations. Such marker systems may potentially be used in the development of new lupins cultivars.Öğe Determination of wild wheat genetic resources that can contribute best to boron toxicity tolerance in cultivars(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2007) Hakki, Erdogan E.; Uygan, Songul; Babaoglu, Mehmet; Topal, Ali; Gezgin, Sait[Abstract not Available]Öğe Dietary boron does not affect tooth strength, micro-hardness, and density, but affects tooth mineral composition and alveolar bone mineral density in rabbits fed a high-energy diet(ELSEVIER GMBH, 2015) Hakki, Sema S.; Malkoc, Siddik; Dundar, Niyazi; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Baspinar, NuriThe objective of this study was to determine whether dietary boron (B) affects the strength, density and mineral composition of teeth and mineral density of alveolar bone in rabbits with apparent obesity induced by a high-energy diet. Sixty female, 8-month-old, New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned for 7 months into five groups as follows: (1) control 1, fed alfalfa hay only (5.91 MJ/kg and 57.5 mg B/kg); (2) control 2, high energy diet (11.76 MJ and 3.88 mg B/kg); (3) B10, high energy diet + 10 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h; (4) B30, high energy diet + 30 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h; (5) B50, high energy diet + 50 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h. Maxillary incisor teeth of the rabbits were evaluated for compression strength, mineral composition, and micro-hardness. Enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue were examined histologically. Mineral densities of the incisor teeth and surrounding alveolar bone were determined by using micro-CT. When compared to controls, the different boron treatments did not significantly affect compression strength, and micro-hardness of the teeth, although the B content of teeth increased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to control 1, B50 teeth had decreased phosphorus (P) concentrations. Histological examination revealed that teeth structure (shape and thickness of the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp) was similar in the B-treated and control rabbits. Micro CT evaluation revealed greater alveolar bone mineral density in B10 and B30 groups than in controls. Alveolar bone density of the B50 group was not different than the controls. Although the B treatments did not affect teeth structure, strength, mineral density and micro-hardness, increasing B intake altered the mineral composition of teeth, and, in moderate amounts, had beneficial effects on surrounding alveolar bone. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of nitric oxide on the tolerance mechanism of bread wheat genotypes under drought stress(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2014) Hamurcu, Mehmet; Demiral, Tijen; Calik, Merve; Avsaroglu, Z. Zeynep; Celik, Ozgur; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Topal, Ali[Abstract not Available]Öğe Effects of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on Cell Survival, Gene Expression Associated with Mineralized Tissues, and Biomineralization of Cementoblasts(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2009) Hakki, Sema S.; Bozkurt, S. Buket; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Belli, SemaThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on survival, mineralization, and expression of mineralization-related genes of cementoblasts. Immortalized cementoblasts (OCCM) were maintained with Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Methyl-thiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium experiments were performed at 24 and 72 hours to evaluate bioactive components released by MTA (0.002-20 mg/mL) on the cell survival of OCCM. Von Kossa staining was used to evaluate biomineralization of OCCM Cells. Images of cementoblasts were taken on day 3 by using inverted microscopy. Gene transcripts for bone sialoprotein (BSP), OCN, collagen type I (COL I), and osteopontin (OPN) were evaluated on days 3 and 5 by using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The 20 mg/mL concentration of MTA was toxic for OCCM cells, whereas other concentrations of MTA tested exhibited similar cell numbers when compared with control group, and the 0.02 mg/mL concentration of MTA increased OCCM cell survival at 72 hours. Although an apparent decrease n mineralization was observed in the highest 3 concentrations of MTA used, 0.02 and 0.002 mg/mL concentrations of MTA induced greater biomineralization of OCCM cells than seen in the control. Moreover, increased BSP and COL I mRNA expression was observed at 0.02 and 0.002 mg/mL concentrations of MTA. MTA did not have a negative effect on the viability and morphology of cementoblasts and induced biomineralization of cementoblasts at the concentrations of 0.02 and 0.002 mg/mL. Based on these results MTA can be considered as a favorable material regarding cell-material interaction. (J Endod 2009;35:513-519)Öğe Estimation of Indian and Turkish Hexaploid Wheat Population Structure Employing Molecular Markers(UNIV AGR SCI & VETERINARY MED CLUJ-NAPOCA, 2015) Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Thomas, George; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Gezgin, SaitBread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most commonly grown crop due to its adaptation in a wide range of ecogeographical conditions and providing enhanced food assurance to the modern world. A diverse and rich collection is the foundation of each successful wheat improvement program. Therefore, major efforts are in progress worldwide to boost wheat production by broadening genetic diversity. Accepting this issue as a target, present study gives an overview of the major progress in the diversity and population evaluation of Indian and Turkish hexaploid wheat employing ISSR and RAPD primers. Various statistical analyses were employed for determining the hexaploid wheat population structure of India and Turkey. Results of dendrogram, scatterplots, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and population structure analysis were found in accordance with each other. All the experimental genotypes were clustered in two main groups, one group containing Indian varieties and another group containing both Indian and Turkish varieties reflecting the direct or indirect interbreeding among the populations of the two countries. Utilizing the genetic association of Indian and Turkish hexaploid wheat population, based on genetic distance estimated in the study, researchers worldwide may include Indian and Turkish hexaploid varieties in the wheat improvement programs and can evade the likelihood of selected germplasm becoming hereditarily consistent.Öğe Extremely high boron tolerance in Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. related to root boron exclusion and a well-regulated antioxidant system(WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2016) Hamurcu, Mehmet; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Sert, Tijen Demiral; Ozdemir, Canan; Minareci, Ersin; Avsaroglu, Zuhal Z.; Gezgin, SaitRecent studies indicate an extremely high level of tolerance to boron (B) toxicity in Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. but the mechanistic basis is not known. Puccinellia distans was exposed to B concentrations of up to 1000 mg B L-1 and root B uptake, growth parameters, B and N contents, H2O2 accumulation and center dot OH-scavenging activity were measured. Antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and lipid peroxidation products were determined. B appears to be actively excluded from roots. Excess B supply caused structural deformations in roots and leaves, H2O2 accumulation and simultaneous up-regulation of the antioxidative system, which prevented lipid peroxidation even at the highest B concentrations. Thus, P. distans has an efficient root B-exclusion capability and, in addition, B tolerance in shoots is achieved by a well-regulated antioxidant defense system.Öğe From RFLP to DArT: molecular tools for wheat (Triticum spp.) diversity analysis(SPRINGER, 2014) Khan, Mohd Kamran; Pandey, Anamika; Choudhary, Saumya; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Akkaya, Mahinur S.; Thomas, GeorgeWheat (Triticum spp.) is a universally lucrative agricultural crop. An increase in wheat production has been shown through selection by the farmers which can increase the grain profitability. The determination of genetic associations among domestic cultivars is facilitated by molecular markers. Data on genetic polymorphism is valuable for the germplasm association and regarding the developing management strategies. The information would be supportive for potential genome mapping programs and for the relevance of intellectual property rights of wheat breeders. Present review is an effort for providing support information to wheat breeders to develop varieties with varied genetic environment to attain continuity in large-scale wheat production. In this review, we have tried to provide a collective depiction of relevant information about the usage of some commonly used markers in wheat. It may help researchers to find out the frequentness and application of different markers and compare their results. The manuscript may serve as a platform helping the intellectuals for the selection and modification of their marker system in wheat diversity analysis. The heart of this review is the emphasis on the performance of various molecular genetic markers in diversity studies in relation to definite approaches that are in practice since several years allied with the multifaceted wheat molecular breeding and its polyploid nature.
