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    CAMPUS EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS: AN EXAMINATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING COMPLIANCE WITH ALERTS
    (SOC INFORM MANAGE-MIS RES CENT, 2015) Han, Wencui; Ada, Serkan; Sharman, Raj; Rao, H. Raghav
    The increasing number of campus-related emergency incidents, in combination with the requirements imposed by the Clery Act, have prompted college campuses to develop emergency notification systems to inform community members of extreme events that may affect them. Merely deploying emergency notification systems on college campuses, however, does not guarantee that these systems will be effective; student compliance plays a very important role in establishing such effectiveness. Immediate compliance with alerts, as opposed to delayed compliance or noncompliance, is a key factor in improving student safety on campuses. This paper investigates the critical antecedents that motivate students to comply immediately with messages from campus emergency notification systems. Drawing on Etzioni's compliance theory, a model is developed. Using a scenario-based survey method, the model is tested in five types of events-snowstorm, active shooter, building fire, health-related, and robbery-and with more than 800 college students from the Northern region of the United States. The results from this study suggest that subjective norm and information quality trust are, in general, the most important factors that promote immediate compliance. This research contributes to the literature on compliance, emergency notification systems, and emergency response policies.
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    Factors impacting the adoption of social network sites for emergency notification purposes in universities
    (Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2015) Han, Wencui; Ada, Serkan; Sharman, Raj; Gray, Robin Hattersley; Simha, Anand
    The increasing number of campuses incidents has kindled a realisation among university officials of the need for better communication with students at such trying times. This study uses the technology, organisation and environment (TOE) framework and the theory of channel complementarity to develop an insight into the factors that contribute to social network adoption intention and to examine the relationship between traditional channels and social network sites in the context of emergency response. The findings suggest that the intention to adopt social network sites for emergency notification purposes is influenced by two factors: the rate of critical incidents on campus, and the number of traditional notification channels deployed on campus, indicating that traditional channels and social network sites complement each other. The insights presented here will aid both school authorities and business firms in making informed decisions regarding the deployment of notification technologies. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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    Factors Impacting the Intention to Use Emergency Notification Services in Campus Emergencies: An Empirical Investigation
    (IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 2016) Ada, Serkan; Sharman, Raj; Han, Wencui; Brennan, Joseph A.
    Research problem: This study investigates the factors influencing students' intentions to use emergency notification services to receive news about campus emergencies through short-message systems (SMS) and social network sites (SNS). Research questions: (1) What are the critical factors that influence students' intention to use SMS to receive emergency notifications? (2) What are the critical factors that influence students' intention to use SNS to receive emergency notifications? Literature review: By adapting Media Richness theory and prior research on emergency notifications, we propose that perceived media richness, perceived trust in information, perceived risk, perceived benefit, and perceived social influence impact the intention to use SMS and SNS to receive emergency notifications. Methodology: We conducted a quantitative, survey-based study that tested our model in five different scenarios, using logistic regression to test the research hypotheses with 574 students of a large research university in the northeastern US. Results and discussion: Results suggest that students' intention to use SNS is impacted by media richness, perceived benefit, and social influence, while students' intention to use SMS is influenced by trust and perceived benefit. Implications to emergency managers suggest how to more effectively manage and market the service through both channels. The results also suggest using SNS as an additional means of providing emergency notifications at academic institutions.