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Öğe Effect of Pb2+ and Cu2+ as a codopant on the structure, morphology and conductivity of nanostructured polyaniline(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017) Haspulat, Bircan; Sulak, Meral Topcu; Kamis, HandanPolyaniline (PANI) has been successively synthesized in aqueous diethylene glycol solution medium by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium peroxidisulfate [(NH4)(2)S2O8] as an oxidant in an aqueous solution of 0.5M acetic acid (CH3COOH) as a dopant. Polyaniline-lead (PANI-Pb) and polyaniline-copper (PANI-Cu) nanocomposites have been chemically prepared for the first time by oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous diethylene glycol/acetic acidic medium. The synthesized PANI and nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Conductivity measurements of the polymer and nanocomposites were performed using the four-probe technique. Morphology changes of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PANI nanotubes were formed without added codopant, but when Pb(CH3COO)(2) or Cu(CH3COO)(2) was added as a codopant, the morphology of PANI obviously changed. The PANI-Cu and PANI-Pb nanocomposites exhibit higher conductivity than the PANI homopolymer, but the conductivity of the composites slightly decreased on increasing the metal concentrations.Öğe Efficient photocatalytic decolorization of some textile dyes using Fe ions doped polyaniline film on ITO coated glass substrate(ELSEVIER, 2013) Haspulat, Bircan; Gulce, Ahmet; Gulce, HandanIn this study, the photocatalytic decolorization of four commercial textile dyes with different structures has been investigated using electrochemically synthesized polyaniline and Fe ions doped polyaniline on ITO coated glass substrate as photocatalyst in aqueous solution under UV irradiation for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, FT-IR spectra, UV-vis spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize the electrochemically synthesized polymer film photocatalyst. Film hydrophilicity was assessed from contact angle measurements. The results show that both of the polymer films exhibit good photocatalytic performance. Surprisingly, it was determined that by using Fe(II) ions during polymerization, it is possible to modify the surface roughness and wettability of the produced polyaniline films which favors their photocatalytic activity in water-based solutions. All four of the used dyes (methylene blue, malachite green, methyl orange and methyl red) were completely decolorizated in 90 min of irradiation under UV light by using Fe ions doped polyaniline at the dye concentration of 1.5 x 10(-5) M, while the decolorization of those dyes were between 43% and 83% by using polyaniline as photocatalyst. Hence, it may be a viable technique for the safe disposal of textile wastewater into waste streams. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Electrospun TiO2/ZnO/PAN hybrid nanofiber membranes with efficient photocatalytic activity(ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, 2017) Yar, Adem; Haspulat, Bircan; Ustun, Tugay; Eskizeybek, Volkan; Avci, Ahmet; Kamis, Handan; Achour, SlimaneElectrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were decorated with TiO2, ZnO and TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles for the first time to prepare flexible multifunctional nanofibrous membranes. First, the arc-discharge process was utilized to prepare TiO2, ZnO and TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles and then the hybrid electrospun nanofibers were spun from PAN/nanoparticle colloids. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to characterize the resulting nanoparticles and nanofiber loaded nanoparticles. The microscopic investigations revealed that the specifically TiO2 nanoparticles tend to agglomerate within the PAN nanofiber resulting increased surface roughness; however, ZnO nanorods with 1D morphology are aligned as parallel to the fiber axis. Photocatalytic activity of the hybrid nanofibers was performed by pursuing the degradation of malachite green (MG) dye under UV light irradiation. The fabricated TiO2/ZnO/PAN hybrid nanofibers showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency with at least two times higher reaction rates compared to the bare PAN nanofibers. The results suggest that the photocatalytically active TiO2/ZnO/PAN hybrid nanofibers can be considered as filtering materials for a variety of applications in the fields of wastewater systems without the need of post processing stages for separating catalysts from the liquid medium.Öğe Fenilazo türevi benzo[c]sinnolin temelli yeni bir polimerin üretimi ve karakterizasyonu(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013-06-18) Haspulat, Bircan; Gülce, AhmetBu tez çalışmasında, 7-fenilazo-3,8-diaminobenzo[c]sinnolin-5-oksit monomerinin ilk defa elektrokimyasal polimerizasyon yöntemiyle indiyum kalay oksit kaplanmış cam yüzeyinde elektro-polimerleştirilmesi ve elektrokromik özelliklerinin incelenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Polimerizasyon döngüsel voltametri yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir ve polimerizasyona gerilim tarama aralığının, tarama hızının, monomer derişiminin ve döngü sayısının etkisi incelenerek poli(7 fenilazo-3,8-diaminobenzo[c]sinnolin-5-oksit) sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen polimerin karakterizasyonu elektrokimyasal yöntemlerle, Fourier dönüşümlü infrared spektrofotometresi ve taramalı elektron mikroskopu teknikleri kullanılarak tamamlanmıştır. 7 fenilazo-3,8-diaminobenzo[c]sinnolin-5-oksit? in elektrokimyasal polimerizasyonu tetra bütil amonyum perklorat-asetonitril destek elektrolit-çözücü sisteminde sürekli gerilim taraması yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen polimer filmin elektriksel iletkenliği ise dört nokta iletkenlik ölçüm sistemiyle ölçülmüştür. Döngüsel voltametri ve UV-vis bölge spektrofotometresi yöntemleri ile monomerin ve polimerin elektrokimyasal davranışı ve redoks tepkimeleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu iki yöntem birarada kullanılarak sürekli gerilim taraması yöntemiyle üretilen polimer filmin elektrokromik özellikleri, spektroelektrokimya ve kolorimetri çalışmaları ile incelenmiştir. Bütün çalışmalar sonucunda poli(7 fenilazo-3,8-diaminobenzo[c]sinnolin-5-oksit)? in elektrokromik özelliklere sahip olduğu kanıtlanmıştır.Öğe Preparation of a New Polyaniline/CdO Nanocomposite and Investigation of Its Photocatalytic Activity: Comparative Study under UV Light and Natural Sunlight Irradiation(AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2013) Gulce, Handan; Eskizeybek, Volkan; Haspulat, Bircan; Sari, Fahriye; Gulce, Ahmet; Avci, AhmetPolyaniline (PANI)/CdO nanocomposite was prepared for the first time in aqueous diethylene glycol solution medium, by chemical oxidative polymerization, and its photocatalytical activity was studied. Optical analysis of the new PANI/CdO nanocomposite revealed that electron densities and bond energies of the PANI homopolymer decreased after modifying with CdO nanoparticles, due to interactions between PANI chains and CdO nanoparticles. The prepared PANI/CdO nanocomposite exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity under both UV light and natural sunlight irradiation. The photocatalytic decolorization rate was increased up to 7 times after CdO addition, compared to the decolorization rate of PANI homopolymer under UV light irradiation. During the photocatalytic activity investigations, methylene blue and malachite green dyes were photocatalytically decolorized under natural sunlight irradiation with 99% efficiency by the use of 0.4 mg/mL PANI/CdO nanocomposite as photocatalyst. Furthermore, the PANI/CdO photocatalyst retains its efficiency with slight decreases upon being reused up to five times.Öğe Sulu dietilen glikol ortamında polipirol sentezi ve karakterizasyonu(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2014) Haspulat, Bircan; Çınar, Özge; Kamış, HandanBu çalışmada, polipirol(Ppy) sulu dietilen glikol çözeltisi ortamında pirolün kimyasal yükseltgenme polimerleşmesi yöntemi ile ilk kez sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen polimer Fourier transform infrared spektroskopisi(FTIR), UV-Görünür bölge absorpsiyon spektroskopisi(UV-vis), taramalı elektron mikroskobu(SEM) analizleri ile yapısal ve morfolojik olarak incelenmiş ve dört nokta yöntemi ile elektriksel iletkenlik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Sentezlenen polipirolün homojen dağılımlı küresel yapıda olduğu ve elektriksel iletkenliğinin 3,64x10-3 Scm-1 olduğu belirlenmiştir.Öğe Yeni bir elektrokromik polimer: Poli[1,5-(1-Pirolil)-9,10-Antrakinon](Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2015) Doğu, Sultan Şule; Kamış, Handan; Haspulat, BircanBu çalışmada; yapısında pirol (Py) ve antrakinonu bir arada bulunduran yeni 1,5-(1-pirolil)-9,10-antrakinon monomeri sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen bu yeni monomerin yapısal karakterizasyonu Fourier Transform İnfrared Spektroskopisi (FTIR) ve 1H-NMR Spektroskopisi yöntemleriyle gerçekleştirilmiş, elektrokimyasal davranışı ise dönüşümlü voltametri (CV) yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. 1,5-(1-pirolil)-9,10-antrakinon monomeri TBAPF destek elektroliti içeren nitrobenzen çözücü ortamında sürekli potansiyel taraması yapılarak ITO (indiyum kalay oksit) kaplı cam elektrot yüzeyinde elektrokimyasal olarak polimerleştirilmiştir. Üretilen yeni polimer filmin elektrokimyasal karakterizasyonu dönüşümlü voltametri ve kronoamperometri (CA) yöntemleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Polimer filmin iletkenliği dört nokta iletkenlik ölçüm yöntemi ile ölçülmüş, morfolojik yapısı Taramalı Elektron Mikroskopisi (SEM) ile incelenmiştir. FTIR spektroskopisi ve UV görünür bölge absorpsiyon spektroskopisi ile spektroskopik analizler yapılmıştır. Üretilen polimer filmin elektrokromik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amacıyla optokimyasal çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Polimer filmin optik zıtlığı 750 nm’de % 50 olarak bulunmuştur. Polimerin iletkenliği 1.83x10-3 S/cm olarak ölçülmüştür. Polimer filmin rengi yükseltgenme sırasında laciverte, indirgenme sırasında koyu turuncuya yakın renk almıştır.Öğe ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposites formed under submerged DC arc discharge: preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties(SPRINGER, 2014) Avci, Ahmet; Eskizeybek, Volkan; Gulce, Handan; Haspulat, Bircan; Sahin, Omer SinanA rutile TiO2 (alpha-TiO2) and hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanocomposite was directly and synchronously synthesized via arc discharge method submerged in de-ionized water. In correlation with the detailed characterization of the morphology, and crystalline structure of the prepared ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposites, the UV-visible and photoluminescence properties were studied. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed the co-existence of alpha-TiO2 and hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phases with the ZnO and alpha-TiO2 nanoparticles are in nanorod and nanospheres morphologies, respectively. The diameters of the synthesized nanocomposite particles are in the range of 5-70 nm. Interestingly, the as-prepared ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposite shows better photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of the methylene blue dye than both of pure ZnO and TiO2 nanocatalyts. This work would explore feasible routes to synthesize efficient metal or/and metal oxide nanocomposites for degrading organic pollutants, gas sensing or other related applications.
