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    Essential oils from tropical medicinal herbs and food plants inhibit biofilm formation in vitro and are non-cytotoxic to human cells
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2018) Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Zaahira; Ismael, Ismael Said; Hosenally, Muzzammil; Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi
    The biofilm inhibition and eradication potential of essential oils (EOs) extracted from six tropical medicinal herbs and food plants [Psiadia arguta (PA), Psiadia terebinthina (PT), Citrus grandis (CGp), Citrus hystrix (CH), Citrus reticulata (CR), and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ)] were assessed. The mechanism of inhibition was studied via quenching of efflux pump. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using Artemia sauna assay and cell lines [human cervix carcinoma (HeLa), human lung fibroblast (MRC-5), and murine melanoma (B16F10)]. EOs of CH, CR, PA, and PT were found to be prospective antibiofilm agents (IC50 of 0.29, 0.59, 0.22, and 0.11 mg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis; 0.39, 0.54, 0.09, and 0.13 mg/mL against Escherichia coli; and 0.54, 0.90, 0.44 and 0.51 mg/mL against Candida albicans for CH, CR, PA, and PT, respectively). The simultaneous actions of the EOs and efflux pump inhibitor impacted on the resistance of the biofilms. LC50 of the EOs ranged from 223 to 583 mg/mL against A. salina. The non-cytotoxic concentration of the EOs varied from 200 to 300 mu g/mL (HeLa and MRC-5), and 150-200 mu g/mL (B16F10). EOs from these tropical medicinal herbs and food plants are useful sources of new antimicrobials with low cytotoxicity which could open new horizons in the drug development process.
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    Syzgium coriaceum Bosser & J. Gueho-An endemic plant potentiates conventional antibiotics, inhibits clinical enzymes and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells
    (ELSEVIER, 2020) Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Uğurlu, Aslı; Liorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Nagamootoo, Meenathee; Picot-Allain, Marie Carene Nancy; Baloğlu, Mehmet Cengiz; Altunoğlu, Yasemin Çelik; Hosenally, Muzzammil; Zengin, Gökhan
    Syzygium species are renowned for being important reservoirs of phytochemicals with pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. However, no attempt has been made to delineate the pharmacological potential and phytochemical profile of Syzgtturt coriaceum Bosser & J. Gueho, an endemic plant to Mauritius. The present study aimed to determine the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, enzyme inhibitory and phytochemical profile of the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of S. coriaceum. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical study of the extracts showed the presence of phenol, tannins, and alkaloids. Chemical characterisation showed the presence of derivatives of tannins, gallic acids, quercetin, and kaempferol. Potentiating activity between S. coriaceum extracts and antibiotics (ampicillin and streptomycin) using the checkerboard method showed additive interaction. The extracts showed potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (2.95 and 2.93 mmol trolox equivalent (TE)/g sample for ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) (4.09 and 3.83 mmol TE/g sample for ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively) scavenging abilities. Syzygium coriaceum extracts were active inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase (about 47 mmol acarbose equivalent/g sample for ethyl acetate and methanol extract). S. coriaceum methanol extract caused maximum inhibition against human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells after 48 h treatment with the IC50 value of 53.41 mu g/mL. Expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and BIRCS genes were down-regulated. It can be concluded that S. coriaceum extracts lead to YIDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis. This investigation has provided a comprehensive report of the biological and chemical profile of S. coriaceum. Collected scientific evidences can open new avenues for research and contributes towards establishing primary data on Syzygium species endemic to Mauritius for bioprospection of novel phytopharmaceuticals.