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    Kulturelle unterschiede
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, 2002) Huth, Lutz; Gürez, Sevgi
    Differences between cultures/civilizations have decisive influence on the communication between their members. These differences, however,are situated in differing layers between observable behaviour and background phenomena like tradition or religion. It is the first purpose of this article to suggest a pragmatic differentiation on the scale . Pivotal relevance will be ascribed to the level of cultural dispositions, being a continuation of HOFSTEDE's mental programs, since this is the level of action orientation. A further hypothesis will be that some cultural differences are rooted in history (genuine differences) while others are due to different levels of modernisation of society. Modernisation is meant in the sense of LUHMANN's system theory as social evolution from a horizontal to a hierarchichal and finally to a functional differentiation of society; this implies neither any concept of teleology nor any value-judgement. Methodically, it is presumed that differences between cultures / civilisations depend upon the kind and degree of social differentiation; only in the case of failure to support this it should be assumed that we are faced with (inexplicable) genuine differences. Under these premises there will be a classification of cultural differences in accordance with the theory of communicative functions as presented by BÜHLER. To exemplify thre theoretical claims of this article some correspondences between the different layers will be presented, including observable communicative behaviour. To conclude, the point will be raised which consequences may – on the basis of this analysis –be drawn in respect to different cultures under conditions of globalisation.