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Öğe The effects of hazelnut and sunflower oil used in the diets of layer hens and broilers on performance and fatty acid composition of animal products(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2009) Cetingul, I. S.; Inal, F.This research has been carried out in order to analyze the effects of the composition of fatty acids in animal products, growth and egg productivity when hazelnut and sunflower oil used in layer hens and broiler diets. The first trial was performed with layer hens consisting of 5 trial groups in which one of them was selected as a controlled group (without oil). For the remaining four groups, the following oil percentages were given during the trial; 1.5% sunflower oil (S.O.). 1.5% hazelnut oil (H.O.). 3% H.O. and 3% mixed oil (M.O) (1.5% S.O. + 1.5% H.O.) respectively. This trial lasted for 135 days. The second trial was carried out with broiler chickens for four trial groups. 2.5% S.O. (control group). 2.5% H.O. 5% M.O. (2.5% H.O. + 2.5% S.O.) and finally 5% H.O. This trial continued for 40 days. At the first trial, it was observed that use of H.O. results while reducing both feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), damaged eggs and body weight gain, number of healthy & sellable eggs increased. The yolk color of the group fed with S.O. was found to be low. The percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in rations into which oil had been added was found to be higher as compared to the control group. The use of 3% H.O. or mixed oil resulted in remarkably increasing unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) proportion in eggs when compared to the control group. At the same time amount of oleic acid in the yolk was found to be higher as compared to the groups fed by H.O. In the second trial, control group was observed to have minimum gain in the weight and the addition of hazelnut oil directly correlated with positive weight increases. Ration fatty acids composition also proportionally influenced the oleic and linoleic acids in the tissues. As a conclusion, oils that are rich for the aspect of oleic acids used in the rations of the poultries should be preferred for both having high energy levels and positive effects on weight growth and egg productivity.Öğe The effects of utilization of hazelnut oil, sunflower oil and their products on performance and fatty acid composition of yolk in layer hens(SPRINGER, 2009) Cetingul, I. S.; Inal, F.This research has been performed to determine the effects of hazelnut crude oil, sunflower crude oil and its refinery by-products over the laying hens performance and the fatty acid composition of the egg's yolk. Four hundreds 36-week-old Nick Brown layer hens were allocated into five groups. Treatment groups were supplemented with 1.5% of sunflower crude oil, hazelnut crude oil, acidulated sunflower soapstock, acidulated hazelnut soapstock and acidulated hazelnut crude oil. The daily feed consumption for groups that were fed with crude oils were numerically improved as compared for those nourished with acidulated soapstocks. Although the percentages of cracked and broken eggs in acidulated hazelnut soapstock group was significantly higher than the other groups, daily feed consumption and egg production values were not different. The usage of acidulated hazelnut soapstock reduced the percentage of intact egg ratio. Egg's specific gravity and yolk color index were the highest level throughout the experiment from start to end in hazelnut crude oil group (p < 0.05). In group that was nourished by hazelnut oil, Omega 3/Omega-6 fatty acid ratios in egg yolk were higher than the groups that were fed with sunflower oil. The oleic acid content of the egg yolk was increased in the groups which were supplemented with hazelnut crude oil and acidulated hazelnut crude oil. Consequently, hazelnut crude oil and acidulated hazelnut crude oil improved the egg shell quality, yolk color index and yolk oleic acid value which would increase egg's shelf life. On the other hand acidulated hazelnut soapstock supplementation adversely affects the quality of egg shell.Öğe Performance of indigenous and exotic x indigenous sheep breeds fed different diets in spring and the efficiency of feeding system in crop-livestock farming(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2015) Ates, S.; Keles, G.; Inal, F.; Gunes, A.; Dhehibi, B.Genetic variation in feed efficiency may have a significant impact on sheep production in integrated crop livestock farming systems in dry areas, where the shortage and poor quality of feed is widespread. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of sheep genotype and feed source on liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency and dry matter (DM) intake in feedlot lambs finished on diets based on low-cost forages or a high-cost concentrated feed as a means of assessing the efficiency of this feeding system. Early weaned lambs of the purebred fat-tailed Akkaraman breed were compared with synthetic Anatolian Merino (0.80 German Mutton Merino x 0.20 Native Akkaraman) breed. The lambs were kept in individual pens for 8 weeks and fed four diets: daily harvested forages of triticale (T), Hungarian vetch (HV), a triticale-Hungarian vetch mixture (T+HV), and a concentrate-based feed (CF). Lamb liveweight gain (LWG) was monitored during the early (18 April-16 May) and late (17 May-13 June) spring periods. Dietxperiod and dietxbreed interactions were detected in LWG of the lambs. Lambs from both genotypes on the concentrate-based diet had higher liveweight gains, DM intakes and better feed conversion ratios compared with lambs finished on the forage-based diets. The LWG of lambs offered triticale forage decreased from 177 g/head/day in the early spring to 95 g/head/day in the late spring period, as plant maturity increased. Liveweight gains did not change for the other forage rations during the same period. The LWG of Akkaraman lambs were similar for both the early (189 g/head/day) and the late (183 g/head/day) spring periods, whereas Anatolian Merino lambs gained 41 g/head/day less LWand had 3.8 higher feed conversion rate for the late spring period compared with the early spring period. The present study showed that fat-tailed Akkaraman lambs were better able to utilize forages with low nutritive value compared to Anatolian Merino lambs, and may be better suited to semi-arid areas, where crop and livestock are highly integrated in the farming system.
