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Öğe Alterations of blood parameters after intramuscular administration of imidocarb in healthy lambs(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2012) Ekici, Ozlem Derinbay; Isik, NerminThe aim of this study was to determine the safety of imidocarb dipropionate in sheep. Imidocarb dipropionate (IMDP) was administered (2.4 mg/kg, intramuscular; i.m.) to 10 sheep, and blood samples were obtained 0, 1, 6, and 9 days after treatment. Hemacell counts, serum biochemical values, coagulation values, and serum oxidative status were measured. IMDP caused transient decreases in pH, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excess in vivo, base excess in vitro, oxygen saturation, lactate dehydrogenase, and retinol levels and transient increases in serum creatine kinase-MB, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels. IMDP decreased adenosine deaminase activity, antithrombin III, and superoxide dismutase activity and increased white blood cell counts. In conclusion, IMDP may change serum oxidative status and cause coagulation disorders during treatment in sheep.Öğe Babesia ovis infections: Detailed clinical and laboratory observations in the pre- and post-treatment periods of 97 field cases(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2013) Sevinc, Ferda; Sevinc, Mutlu; Ekici, Ozlem Derinbay; Yildiz, Ramazan; Isik, Nermin; Aydogdu, UgurOvine babesiosis, caused by Babesia ovis, is of major economic importance in Turkey. The changes in the blood profile of infected animals are informative about the course of infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical changes in the pre- and post-treatment periods of the natural B. ovis infections. The presence of the parasites was confirmed by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. On the basis of the clinical and laboratory findings, the infections were categorized into different groups according to the degree of anemia and the level of parasitemia. All infected sheep were treated with imidocarb dipropionate (IMDP). The blood pictures in the pre- and post-treatment periods were compared. Pancytopenia occurred in animals with severe anemia and very high parasitemia, and bicytopenia in the other groups. The platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) returned to the normal ranges after treatment, except those in the group with severe anemia. In the biochemical profile, B. ovis infection caused an increase in blood urea nitrogen and total bilirubin, and these parameters returned to normal levels after treatment. The indirect fluorescein antibody test (IFAT) results showed that 38.1% of the cases raised specific antibodies during the period of infection, with titers ranging from 1/160 to 1/640. All of 45 animals re-examined after treatment were seropositive, with high titers that rose up to 1/5120. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Chewing lice (phthiraptera) of magpie (pica pica L.) (Aves: Passeriformes: Corvidae) in Turkey(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2013) Dik, Bilal; Isik, Nermin; Ekici, Ozlem DerinbayThis study was performed to detect chewing lice on Magpie, between the dates of August 2011-February 2012 in Konya, Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. For this aim, 64 Magpie individuals were examined for the louse. In order to sample chewing lice, the feathers of the birds were carefully examined macroscopically. All lice were collected and placed in tubes with 70% alcohol, cleared in 10% KOH mounted in Canada balsam on slides and identified under a light microscope. Of birds examined, 20 out of 64 (31.25%) were infested with at least one chewing louse species. Three lice species which belongs to the three genera, Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister, 1838), Myrsidea picae (Linnaeus, 1758) and Brueelia biocellata (Piaget, 1880) were found. Brueelia biocellata is the first ever recorded in Turkey.Öğe Comparison of the Effectiveness of Halofuginone Lactate and Paromomycin in the Treatment of Calves Naturally Infected with Cryptosporidium parvum(UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2018) Aydogdu, Ugur; Isik, Nermin; Ekici, Ozlem Derinbay; Yildiz, Ramazan; Sen, Ismail; Coskun, AlparslanBackground: Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important problems among neonatal ruminants. Cryptosporidium parvum is the agent causing the disease. Cryptosporidium infection, responsible for diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss and death in neonatal ruminants, leads to significant economic losses for producers. In calves naturally or experimentally infected with cryptosporidiosis, many agents have been reported to have therapeutic and protective effects. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of halofuginone lactate and paromomycin in the treatment of calves naturally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty calves between 7 and 20 days of age and naturally infected were included in the study. There were two different treatment groups in the study. The first group of calves were administered 100 mu g/kg/day halofuginone lactate for 7 days and the second group of calves were administered 100 mg/kg/day paromomycin for 7 days. In addition, antibiotic and vitamin C were applied to all calves. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained pre-treatment and on the 7th day after the treatment. Routine clinical examinations of the calves were performed on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 and rectal stool samples were collected for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Severe diarrhea, dehydration, depression and weight loss were observed in calves in both treatment groups. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed for both groups in oocyst count on days 3, 5 and 7 compared to days 0 and 1. Improvements in blood parameters, stool characters and clinical scoring of both groups were observed in post-treatment. Discussion: Many pharmaceuticals or compounds have been tested for animal with cryptosporidiosis and only very few of them have shown a partial protective activity in ruminants when used prophylactically. Halofuginone lactate and paromomycin are commonly recommended as both therapeutic and protective agents. However, the effectiveness of the two therapeutic agents in natural infections has not been compared and, in the meantime, recommendations for a rational use are also not sufficiently documented in calves with cryptosporidiosis. Paromomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to control C. parvum infection in animals. Paromomycin reduces oocyst shedding and the number of days with diarrhea in experimentally infected calves when used prophylactically. Halofuginone lactate is a synthetic quinazolinone with cryptosporidial activity in the merozoite and sporozoite stages of C. parvum. It is recommended for both therapeutic and prophylactic use in cryptosporidiosis. In this study, although paromomycin (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days) and halofuginone lactate (100 mu g/kg/day for 7 days) led to a decrease in oocyst shedding from day 1, a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed from day 3. The results of this study show that the decrease in oocyst shedding in both treatment groups, improvements in clinical findings and recoveries in hematologic, blood gas and serum biochemistry values are similar. Even though these drugs do not eliminate the infection, they decrease both the severity of diarrhea and contribute to recovery. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that halofuginone lactate and paromomycin were effective in the treatment of calves naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis. Therefore, we recommend that both drugs should be used in the treatment of calves naturally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum.Öğe Determination of immunoreactive proteins of Babesia ovis(ELSEVIER, 2013) Sevinc, Ferda; Guler, Leyla; Sevinc, Mutlu; Ekici, Ozlem Derinbay; Isik, NerminBabesia ovis, an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite transmitted by ticks, causes severe infections in sheep in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Parasite-specific immunoreactive proteins have been used as antigen in the serological diagnosis of babesiosis. There is no study about determination of B. ovis-specific proteins in sheep. This study was planned to determine the immunoreactive proteins of B. ovis. In this study, two splenectomized lambs, and twelve seropositive sheep and five seronegative lambs for anti-B. ovis antibodies were used as materials. Infected blood samples at 5% of parasitemia from the two splenectomized lambs experimentally infected with a virulent B. ovis field strain were analyzed for B. ovis-specific proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting (WB). B. ovis-specific five major proteins were recognized by anti-B. ovis serum but not by healthy sheep serum. They were of approximate molecular weights 154, 109, 77, 58, and 38 kDa. As the control samples, protein profiles of the blood extracts of two lambs before splenectomy operation were also blotted with the immune sera, but none of the five proteins was detected. These proteins were also immunoblotted with heterologous positive and negative sheep sera. All of twelve positive sera recognized the 109 kDa protein with 100 percent sensitivity. The 77 kDa protein reacted in 11 of 12 sera (91.6%). The sensitivities of the other 3 proteins ranged between 83.3% and 25%. The five protein bands immunoblotted with sera of the 5 negative lambs did not give any positive reaction. The results of this study revealed the presence of proteins recognized by the serum antibodies of experimentally, and naturally infected sheep with B. ovis. Additional studies on the purification of these proteins and on subsequently their utilization in a serodiagnostic method are required to improve the serological diagnosis of ovine babesiosis. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of 12 successive blood passages on the virulence of Babesia ovis in splenectomized lambs: A preliminary study(ELSEVIER, 2014) Sevinc, Ferda; Sevinc, Mutlu; Koc, Yilmaz; Alkan, Fahrettin; Ekici, Ozlem Derinbay; Yildiz, Ramazan; Isik, NerminBabesia ovis, the primary causative agent of ovine babesiosis, is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasite and causes serious losses in small ruminant livestock in tropical and subtropical regions. The current control of ovine babesiosis has been base on chemotherapy and limited tick control measures. Attenuated parasites which are valuable sources of live vaccines have been used to prevent babesiosis in cattle. There is a necessity to the studies about prevention of the disease by means of immunoprophylaxis in sheep. For this purpose, this study was planned to obtain the attenuated derivatives of a virulent B. ovis strain by successive blood passages in splenectomized lambs. A total of seventeen, six-month-old lambs, 13 of which splenectomized, 4 of which spleen intact lambs, known to be negative for the presence of hemoparasites and anti-B. ovis antibodies were used. The splenectomized lambs were used for passaging the virulent B. ovis field strain. Four intact lambs divided into two groups were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of the virulent strain and twelfth passage strain of B. ovis. Blood collected from a clinically evident case of babesiosis in the field was inoculated intravenously into the first splenectomized lamb, and then the acute clinical disease was occurred. The same process was successively applied to the rest of 12 splenectomized lambs to have the attenuated B. ovis strain. The clinical, microscopic and hematological changes after inoculation were recorded in each passage of the lambs. All of the passage lambs were exhibited the severe symptoms of the disease from the 2nd day of inoculation. The same treatment protocol including vitamin B12 and the anti-babesial drug imidocarb dipropionate (IMDP) was applied to all splenectomized lambs on the fourth or fifth day of the inoculation. Although the symptoms of the disease were less severe than those of splenectomized lambs; two intact lambs infected with the virulent strain and two intact lambs infected with the twelfth passage blood were also showed the clinical and hematological findings of the disease on the 2nd and 3rd day after inoculation. Infection-related symptoms in all intact lambs disappeared spontaneously from the 6th day of inoculation without the application of any drug. The results of the study showed that there was no change on the virulence of B. ovis through the 12 successive blood passages. Therefore, the further passages or alternative attenuation methods may be necessary to attenuate the virulent strain of B. ovis. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Myiasis in animals and humanbeings in Turkey(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2012) Dik, Bilal; Uslu, Ugur; Isik, NerminThis study was carried out to detect etiological agents of myiasis occurred in animals and humanbeings in Turkey, betweeen the years of 2006-2010. Twenty-eight myiasis cases were examined in this period. Twenty-two of them were traumatic myiasis while two anal myiasis, two aural myiasis, one nasomyiasis and one oral myiasis were detected. Twenty-three cases were detected in the animals, while five cases occurred in the humanbeings. Five species; Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vicina and Eristalis tenax were identified as etiological agent of the myiasis. W. magnifica was detected as predominat species in the traumatic myiasis cases. L. sericata was found as secondary agent in the all cases. The other species were detected in only one each case.Öğe Safety of Antitheilerial Drug Buparvaquone in Rams(UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2018) Isik, Nermin; Ekici, Ozlem Derinbay; Ilhan, Ceylan; Coskun, DevranBackground: Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria strains of the protozoan species. Buparvaquone is the mostly preferred drug in the treatment theileriosis, while it is safety in sheep, has not been detailed investigated. It has been hypothesized that buparvaquone may show side effects and these effects may be defined some parameters measured from blood in sheep when it is used at the recommended dose and duration. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of buparvaquone on the blood oxidative status, cardiac, hepatic and renal damage and bone marrow function markers. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, ten adult (> 2 years) Akkaraman rams were used. Healthy rams were placed in paddocks, provided water ad libitum, and fed with appropriate rations during the experiment. Buparvaquone was administered at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) intramuscularly twice at 3-day intervals. Blood samples were obtained before (0. h, Control) and after drug administration at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The blood samples were transferred to gel tubes, and the sera were removed (2000 g, 15 min). During the study, the heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were measured at each sampling time. In addition, the animals were clinically observed. Plasma oxidative status markers (Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), serum cardiac (Troponin I, creatine kinase-MBmass, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic (Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin) and renal (Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) damage markers and hemogram values (white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hemogram, hematocrit) were measured. Buparvaquone caused statistically significantly (P < 0.05) increases in the troponin I and blood urea nitrogen levels and fluctuations in alkaline phosphatase activity, but there was no any statistically significance difference determined in the other parameters. Discussion: In this study, buparvaquone was administered two times at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) at 3-day intervals. Although the result was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), it was determined that buparvaquone gradually increased the levels of the main oxidative stress marker, MDA, by approximately 2.8 fold. CAT and GPX levels were also found to have decreased by 2.2 fold. Buparvaquone may cause lipid peroxidation by producing free radicals. Some other antiprotozoal drugs may affect the oxidative status and may increase MDA level and decrease SOD level. In this study, MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation in vivo, was used to partially detect developing lipid peroxidation. Changes in the levels of reduced GPX and CAT enzymes could be attributed to their use in mediating the hydrogen peroxide detoxification mechanisms. The absence of significant changes in the TAS levels in this study suggests that buparvaquone may partially induce oxidative stress by producing hydrogen peroxide, but no significant changes occurred in the oxidative stress level because of the high antioxidant capacity of sheep. In this study, buparvaquone caused a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the level of Tn-I, which is a marker of specific cardiac damage (P < 0.05), whereas there was no statistically (P > 0.05) significant increase in CK-MBmass. Tn-I and CK-MB levels, which are used to define heart damage in humans, have been successfully used to determine heart damage in sheep. In this research study, the statistically significant increases in Tn-I but not CK-MBmass levels could be considered indicative of mild cardiac damage.Öğe Serosurveillance of&IT Neospora caninum&IT and &ITBrucella&IT species in Dairy Cattle of Konya, Turkey(FRIENDS SCIENCE PUBL, 2018) Ekici, Ozlem Derinbay; Isik, Nermin; Sayin, Zafer; Coskun, Alparslan; Sajid, Muhammad SohailThis study reports the seroprevalence of Neospora (N.) caninum and Brucella sp. in aborting and non-aborting daily cattle in Konya province of Turkey. To this end, blood samples were collected from 560 cattle, 66 of which were not aborting and 494 were aborting, and sera were isolated from these samples through standard protocol. Antibodies against N. caninum were determined by using a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit. Brucella sp. antibodies were determined using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). According to cELISA results, 222 of 560 cattle (39.64%) were seropositive for N. caninum antibodies. Of 494 aborting cattle samples, 213 (43.11%) were positive for N. caninum antibodies. Through RBPT, 89 of the 560 cattle tested were positive for Brucella sp. Of 494 aborting cattle, 79 (15.99%) were positive for Brucella sp. The seropositivity differences between N. caninum and Brucella sp. were statistically significant in aborting cattle (p< 0.001). The co-infection rate of N. caninum seropositivity with B. abortus was detected 9.5% in aborting cattle. In conclusion, seroprevalence of neosporosis and Brucella sp. was 39.64% and 15.89% through cELISA and RBPT, respectively in cattle of Konya. (C) 2018 Friends Science Publishers
