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Öğe Color Removal from Synthetic Textile Wastewater by Sono-Fenton Process(WILEY, 2011) Ozdemir, Celalettin; Oden, Muhammed Kamil; Sahinkaya, Serkan; Kalipci, ErkanIn this study, the oxidative decolorization of C.I. reactive yellow 145 (RY 145) from synthetic textile wastewater including RY 145 and polyvinyl alcohol by Fenton and sono-Fenton processes which are the combination of Fenton process with ultrasound has been carried out. The effects of some operating parameters which are the initial pH of the solution, the initial concentration of Fe2+, H2O2, and the dye, temperature, and agitation speed on the color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals have been investigated. The optimum conditions have been found as [Fe2+] = 20 mg/L, [H2O2] 20 mg/L, pH 3 for Fenton process and [Fe2+] = 20 mg/L, [H2O2] 15 mg/L, pH 3 for sono-Fenton process by indirectly sonication at 35 kHz ultrasonic frequency and 80W ultrasonic power. The color and COD removal efficiencies have been obtained as 91 and 47% by Fenton process, and 95 and 51% by sono-Fenton processes, respectively. Kinetic studies have been performed for the decolorization of RY 145 under optimum conditions at room temperature. It has been determined that the decolorization has occurred rapidly by sono-Fenton process, compared to Fenton process.Öğe EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY OF AKSARAY REGION BY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM(NORTH UNIV BAIA MARE, 2012) Karadavut, Sedat; Delibas, Lokman; Kalipci, Erkan; Ozdemir, Celalettin; Karadavut, Ibrahim SametIn this study, the quality of irrigation water was determined in Aksaray region which is one of the most important agricultural lands of Turkey, the facts causing pollution were specified and the precautions that should be taken were discussed. Within the scope of this study, 38 samples were taken from the water of 24 wells, 4 dams, 9 ponds and 1 source water. In order to use the data more effectively, irrigation water quality index map of Aksaray region including the results of the samples (EC, SAR, B, Cl-, NO3-, HCO3- and pH) was prepared by using Geographic Information System (GIS). According to irrigation water quality index map, all surface water sources were found to be suitable for irrigation with high and medium irrigation water quality index. EC, SAR, Cl, HCO3 values were found as high in Acipinar well and Aratol well regions whereas EC and Cl values were high in Taspinar well region. It was determined that underground water sources have low irrigation water quality index value along in the range of Taspinar region and Tuz Lake whereas they have generally medium irrigation water quality index value. The soil being heavy-texture and salty structure in the region and the level of ground water being high were caused by lack of adequate drainage system. For this reason, good and adequate drainage system should be configured in order to provide no increase in salt accumulation in the soil, to get an opportunity for more appropriate land use and to increase the yield per unit area.Öğe Evaluation of manageable biological waste utilization of Konya in terms of environment and energy recovery(SILA SCIENCE, 2011) Kalipci, Erkan; Ozdemir, Celalettin; Sahinkaya, SerkanIn this study, it was aimed to determine the potential for energy production from biogas in Konya and to draw the attention of public opinion about the importance of generalization of biogas utilization in terms of both environment and energy recovery. In our research, biogas recovery was calculated depending on the number of available bovine, ovine and poultry indicated in Agriculture Master Plan of Konya by Ministry of Agriculture and Regional Affairs in 2004 as well as the potential of arable crops grown in Konya. As a result of this research, it was determined that totally 121,919,955.5 m(3)/year biogas could be obtained from agricultural products together with animal organic substances in Konya city. When this biogas (121,919,955.5 m(3)/year) is evaluated instead of petroleum utilization, it was determined that CO2 emission will be reduced in an amount of 316,991,884.3 kg/year. In Konya, it was also indicated that totally 2,343,332.1 tons/year fertilizers including 1,157,220 tons/year fertilizer from bovines, 925,998.5 tons/year fertilizer from ovine and 260,113.59 tons/year fertilizer from poultry can be obtained. Both chemical fertilizer utilizations will be significantly reduced and efficiency in agriculture will be improved by using this kind of fertilizer in agriculture. When the electrical energy equivalence (kWh/day) of biogas was calculated, it was determined that 1,444,563.8 kWh/day electrical energy saving will be supplied which includes 491,737.5 kWh/day from bovine, 691,576.8 kWh/day from ovine and 261,249.5 kWh/day from poultry. Approximately 16,003 m(3) methane gas will be obtained from barley, wheat, corn straw as well as clover, sainfoin and vetch in Konya. Since 1 m(3) methane gas is enough for cooking of a five-member family, the cooking need of around 16,000 families a day will be met by this potential. When animal potential and agricultural area in our country are taken into consideration, it's apparent that there will be many benefits in terms of sustainable ecological balance, economical income and clean energy recovery by generalizing the biogas plants especially in rural areas.Öğe How do biology teacher candidates perceive global climatic change?(SILA SCIENCE, 2011) Oztas, Fulya; Kalipci, Erkan; Bozkurt, ErsinIn general there is an individually and socially sensitivity against the environmental issues and this sensitivity is gradually increasing. Especially the global warming and greenhouse gases are the important issues of the agenda. In the high school educational content these subjects are included in the syllabus programs and effect of global warming and greenhouse gas is widely dealt with in the visual and written media. However the comprehension of the subject which presents a complex structure due that includes physical, chemical and biological events and the explanation of the phenomenon related to atmosphere by the students and public opinion leads to problems. It is known that energy usage and the emission over normal of CO2 greenhouse gases to atmosphere depending to this usage leads to global warming. The aim of this study has been determined as researching of how is perceived by the Biology teacher candidates from the different levels the global warming and the measures which may be taken against this. According to the results of this study which has been made by using 5 point likert scale; even that it has not been observed any statistical difference between the related opinions of the possible results of global warming of Biology teacher candidates, differences have been observed between the students groups from different levels regarding the measures which can be taken against global warming. Accordingly it has been observed that 3(rd) class students (Group 3) are more sensitive than other student groups regarding the measures which may be taken in connection with the prevention of the global warming due to the positive effect of environment and ecology courses attended by them.Öğe Investigation of decontamination effect of Phragmites australis for Konya domestic wastewater treatment(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2011) Kalipci, ErkanIn this study, decontamination effect of Phragmites australis for Konya domestic wastewater treatment was searched. For this reason, pilot subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland including 3 pools was formed by using reed (Phragmites australis). The mean decontamination rate of domestic wastewater, retention time for 3.96 days in the pool, was 64.5% for biological oxygen demand (BOD), 68% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 79.7% for suspended solids (SS), 21.0% for Total Phosphorus (TP) and 20.7% for total nitrogen (TN), and increased with other tested retention times (4.56 and 5.4 days). These types of systems are generally more economical in terms equipment and maintenance costs, when compared with other treatment systems. Treatment of domestic wastewater in rural areas (for maximum ten thousand population) with this natural system will extremely provide benefits in prevention of environmental pollution.Öğe Investigation of the ecotoxicologic effect of pesticide industry wastewater on the pancreas and liver of rats(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2011) Kalipci, Erkan; Ozdemir, CelalettinIn this study, when the raw wastewater, which resulted from the manufacturing of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) dimethylamine salt and 2,4-D acid isooctylester herbicides in the factory, was discharged to the ecosystem without treatment, its ecotoxic effect on the pancreas and liver of rats was investigated. In this research, 16 Wistar Albino race male rats were grouped into two (Group 1-control, n = 8; Group 2-wastewater, n = 8) and were then used. The rats in Group 1 were fed by standard feed, while rats in Group 2 were fed by a diet including 200 mg/kg/day factory composite raw wastewater for 16 weeks, and dissection was carried out for all of them. In the research, it was determined that the body, liver and pancreas weights of rats were decreased when compared to the control group; however, there was no significant statistical difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups. In the histopathological investigation, on the other hand, it was determined that atypical cell focuses (ACF) (neoplastic variations) were observed in the liver and pancreas of rats in Group 2 and the quantitative analysis of the ACF was performed. In the livers of rats in Group 2, dilation in sinusoids close to the vein centralis and hydropic degeneration in parenchyma were observed when compared to the control group. Since there is a possibility that the neoplastic variations caused by this wastewater could be transformed into adenoma or carcinoma during long-term treatment, it also seems possible that it could be carcinogenic.Öğe Pollution in Melendiz Water Basin Groundwater(HARD, 2012) Karadavut, I. Samet; Saydam, A. Cemal; Kalipci, Erkan; Karadavut, Sedat; Ozdemir, Celalettin; Durduran, SavasIn our study, samples were taken from the groundwater that is used for drinking and irrigation in the Melendiz Water Basin, and the quality of water and the factors causing pollution were determined by evaluating them according to "Continental Water Sources Quality Classification Criterions" (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forest/Regulation for Water Pollution Control). When the analysis results of samples taken between 2006 and 2009 were compared, it was determined that the amount of pollution increased in time. Moreover, the seasonal variations of ground water quality criterions were determined and the precautions that should be taken to minimize this pollution were discussed.Öğe Reaction kinetics and removal of COD with treatment of TCE with the synthetic wastewater in UASB reactors(SILA SCIENCE, 2012) Ozdemir, Celalettin; Sen, Nejdet; Kalipci, ErkanThe aim of this work was to treat chloroforms (CFs) by upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors (UASB) and to determine Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) % removal. The aim of this study was to investigate biological treatment of CFs in high flow rate reactors. Resistance capacity of microorganisms was investigated in a UASB designed as automated control system by feeding with addition of co-substrate, by loading different ratio of organic matter and VOCs, hydraulic retention time, at stable condition of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), pH, alkalinity, temperature (35 degrees C) etc. during the anaerobic treatment. The resulting removal rates for chloroform ranged between 60-70% of COD. The chloroform decomposition ratio was approximately 96%. The highest methane ratio in the obtained biogas was 68.6% for CF. Also inhibition concentrations (IC) in 24 hour were determined as IC50; 27.8 mg/L and IC25; 7.4 mg/L.Öğe A RESEARCH FOR WATER POLLUTION OF MELENDIZ STREAM IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABILITY OF ECOLOGICAL BALANCE(NORTH UNIV BAIA MARE, 2011) Karadavut, Ibrahim Samet; Saydam, Ahmet Cemal; Kalipci, Erkan; Karadavut, Sedat; Ozdemir, CelalettinIn order to provide the continuity of ecological balance, the presence of water as well as its quality is of capital importance. In this study; a research was carried out about the water pollution in Melendiz stream which feeds the Mamasun dam and meets the drinking and usage water need of Aksaray Plain and its environment. The samples were taken from totally 14 stations between 2006 and 2009 (February, June, September, December) throughout the whole study. These samples were analyzed in terms of 22 parameters, its water quality was determined by evaluating according to "Continental Water Sources Quality Classification Criterions" (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forest / Regulation for Water Pollution Control) and thus the factors that cause pollution in Melendiz stream were determined. Moreover, the seasonal variations in quality criterions of Melendiz stream were determined and the precautions necessary to minimize the pollution were discussed. As a result of the research; the effects of domestic wastewater, thermal spring wastewater and wastewater of touristic plants as point pollution sources and agricultural drainage water as a common source were determined. In point sources, organic substances and nitrite were determined whereas, nitrate pollution related with excess fertilizer usage was determined in common sources. The concentrations of these parameters increased especially in dry spells and caused a certain decrease in water quality. According to continental water quality classification criterions, the surface water had IIIrd and IVth class water property in terms of especially nitrate, nitrite and total nitrogen and IInd class water property in terms of other parameters. When the analysis results of samples taken between 2006 and 2009 were compared, it was determined that the amount of pollution increased in time. It was also observed that the surface water of Melendiz stream was exposed to pollution by point and common sources and the quality of water decreased gradually.
