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    Doubled Haploid Production in Cereals Using Microspore Culture
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2020) Doruk, Neslihan; Kandemir, Nejdet; Gökmen, Sabri
    Doubled haploids are extremely useful in plant breeding since they provide rapid homozygosity. However, the success rate of doubled haploid production in cereals is still not high enough, and there is a special problem involving the formation of high percentage of albino plants. Nevertheless, the success rate in microspore culture in cereals is higher than classical anther cultures, and the method has the advantage of spontaneous chromosome doubling. On the other hand, this method has some critical stages such as pretreatments and microspore isolation, and these stages need to be optimized for the successful use of the technique in plant breeding. For this aim, there have been studies in recent years about combining the pretreatment practices, supplementing growth media with a variety of ingredients, improving the various co-culturing practices and decreasing the albino plant percentage. This technique has been commonly used in the world especially in barley and wheat breeding. Improving the success rate of the technique will be useful for its integration into modern breeding techniques such as apomictic crops and transgenics.
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    Phosphate Solubilization Potentials of Soil Acinetobacter Strains
    (Springer, 2010) Öğüt, Mehmet; Er, Fatih; Kandemir, Nejdet
    Many phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) require external pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) for strong phosphorus (P) solubilization in vitro. The objective of this study was to isolate efficient and PQQ-independent PSM. A total of 21 PSM were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of wheat and maize grown in the pots. Acinetobacter strains were the only PQQ-independent and most effective solubilizers of tricalcium phosphate containing agar. The mean P dissolved in liquid cultures of Acinetobacter strains in a 5-day incubation ranged from 167 to 888 mu g/ml P. The pH dropped to below 4.7 from 7.8 in six isolates, which produced gluconic acid in concentrations ranging between 27.5 and 37.5 mM. There was a linear regression between soluble P and gluconic acid concentrations in the bacterial cultures (P < 0.05; R (2) = 0.59). Inoculation with Acinetobacter sp. WR922 significantly (P < 0.05) increased wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) P content by 27% at 15 days after emergence (DAE) and dry matter by 15% at 30 DAE compared to the control. The plant P content in inoculated plants at 30 DAE was linearly correlated with soluble P of the bacterial cultures (P < 0.05; R (2) = 0.69). Gluconic acid production directly affected phosphate solubilization in vitro, which in turn influenced plant P content of inoculated plants in PQQ-independent P-solubilizing Acinetobacter strains.