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    Clinical and biochemical effects of diode laser as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
    (SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2014) Saglam, Mehmet; Kantarci, Alpdogan; Dundar, Niyazi; Hakki, Sema S.
    The aim of this randomized, parallel, controlled clinical trial was to examine the clinical and biochemical efficacy of diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned into two groups to receive SRP alone (control) or SRP followed by diode laser (test). Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Test group showed significantly a better outcome compared to the control group in full-mouth clinical parameters. MMP-1, MMP-8, and TIMP-1 showed significant differences between groups after treatment compared to baseline (p < 0.05). The total amount of IL-1 beta, IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-8, and TIMP-1 decreased (p < 0.05) and IL-8 increased after treatment in both test and control groups (p < 0.05). Diode laser provided significant improvements in clinical parameters and MMP-8 was significantly impacted by the adjunctive laser treatment at first month providing an insight to how lasers can enhance the outcomes of the nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
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    Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Induces a Pro-inflammatory Human Gingival Fibroblast Phenotype
    (SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 2017) Bozkurt, S. Buket; Hakki, Sema S.; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Durak, Yusuf; Kantarci, Alpdogan
    Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are the major constituents of the gingival tissues responsible for the synthesis and degradation of the connective tissue while actively participating in immune reactions and inflammation. The aim of this study was to test the impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) on human gingival fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts were treated with different P. gingivalis LPS concentrations. Cell survival rate was evaluated with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) after 24 h. Cell proliferation was determined by counting cells on days 3 and 12. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), and pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts in HGFs was determined by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) analysis on days 3 and 8. P. gingivalis LPS decreased cell proliferation on day 3 (p < 0.05) compared to the control group without significantly impacting the cell survival (p > 0.05).The experiments showed that P. gingivalis LPS dose-dependently and differentially modulated the expression of MMP-1, 2, and 3 and TIMP-1 and 2 on days 3 and 8. TIMP-1 expression was significantly induced in P. gingivalis LPS-treated cells while TIMP-2 was increased in response to 10 and 30 ng/ml of LPS on day 3. P. gingivalis LPS induced up-regulation of MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio on day 3 and increased MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio on day 8 dose-dependently. Expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 was stimulated at higher concentrations (1000 and 3000 ng/ml) of LPS. These findings demonstrate that P. gingivalis LPS suppresses cell proliferation and leads to increased pro-inflammatory changes in HGFs, suggesting that P. gingivalis LPS-induced modification of phenotypic and inflammatory characteristics in HGF could potentially be a pathogenic mechanism underlying the tissue destruction.