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Öğe The Effect of Hand Anthropometric Variables on Grip Strength in Grip Elite Athletes and Non-Athletes(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021 Mayıs) Ulcay, Tufan; Kamaşak, Burcu; Kaya, Kazım; Kara, Ersan; Uzun, Ahmet; Konar, Naime M.In this study, we aimed to determine the anthropometric variables that affect grip strength and to investigate how and to what extent these variables change grip strength in elite athletes and non-athletes. Totally, 74 subjects aged between 18 and 27 participated in this study in two groups including: elite athletes (n=32), and non-athletes (n=42). In our study, 26 hand anthropometric variables were measured on each subject’s dominant hand. The selection of the anthropometric parameters was limited only to those that are considered to have an association with handgrip strength. Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U Test was applied for group comparison. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was utilized and Backward selection procedure was also performed to identify the relationship between handgrip strength and anthropometric measurements. Results revealed that some anthropometric measurements of hand significantly higher in elite athlete group than non-athlete group in males and females (p<0.05). In conclusion, we found that some hand anthropometric parameters are different in the grip sports and non-athletes, but we cannot exactly determine whether specific sport activities affect these differences or the inherent characteristics of athletes lead them to these sports. Also the handgrip strength of hand related athletes was more than that of non-athletes. This may be because of hand anthropometric parameters. Actually, good positive correlation between handgrip strengths and anthropometric characteristics of hand in grip athletes showed the effect of hand anthropometry on handgrip strength in athletes who use their hands for grasping a ball or opponent.Öğe Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Activity in Young Wrestlers(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2010) Kara, Ersan; Günay, Mehmet; Cicioğlu, İbrahim; Özal, Mehmet; Kılıç, Mehmet; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdulkerim KasımThis study aims to examine the effect of zinc supplementation on free-radical formation and antioxidant system in individuals who are actively engaged in wrestling as a sport. The study registered a total of 40 male subjects, of whom 20 were wrestlers and 20 were sedentary individuals. The subjects were equally allocated to four groups: group 1, zinc-supplemented sportsmen group; group 2, sportsmen group without supplementation; group 3, zinc-supplemented sedentary group; group 4, sedentary group without supplementation. Blood samples were collected from all subjects twice, once at the beginning of the study and once again at the end of 8-week procedures. The blood samples collected were analyzed to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum glutathione (GSH), serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (ELISA colorimetric method) and zinc (colorimetric method). No difference was found between MDA levels of the study groups in the beginning of the study. The highest MDA value at the end of the study was obtained in group 4 (p < 0.01). MDA levels in group 2 were established to be significantly higher than those in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.01). GSH level, GPx, and SOD activities and zinc level measured in the beginning of the study were not different between groups. Measurements performed at the end of the study showed that groups 1 and 3 (zinc-supplemented groups) had the highest GSH level, GPx, and SOD activities and zinc level (p < 0.01). These parameters were not different in the groups without supplementation (groups 2 and 4). Results obtained at the end of the study indicate that zinc supplementation prevents production of free radicals by activating the antioxidant system. In conclusion, physiologic doses of zinc supplementation to athletes may beneficially contribute to their health and performance.Öğe Effect of zinc supplementation on the distribution of various elements in the serum of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise(SPRINGER, 2011) Biçer, Mürsel; Akil, Mustafa; Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Kara, Ersan; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimThe present study aims to examine the effect of supplementation of zinc on the distribution of various elements in the sera of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise. A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley-type adult male rats were equally allocated to one of eight groups: Group 1, general; Group 2, zinc-supplemented; Group 3, zinc-supplemented diabetic; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, zinc-supplemented swimming; Group 6, zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; and Group 8, diabetes. The rats were injected with 40 mg/kg/day subcutaneous streptozotocin (STZ) twice, with a 24-h interval between two injections. Zinc was supplemented at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day (ip) for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the 4-week study, and serum levels of lead, cobalt, molybdenum, chrome, sulfur, magnesium, manganese, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, copper, iron, calcium, zinc, and selenium (mg/L) were determined with atomic emission. The lowest molybdenum, chrome, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and zinc values were obtained in Group 7 and 8. These same parameters were higher in the swimming exercise group (Group 4), relative to all other groups. The values in zinc-supplemented groups were found lower than the values in Group 4, but higher than those in Group 6 and 7. The results obtained from the study demonstrate that acute swimming exercise and diabetes affect the distribution of various elements in the serum, while zinc supplementation can prevent the negative conditions associated with both exercise and diabetes.Öğe Effects of Exercise and Zinc Supplementation on Cytokine Release in Young Wrestlers(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2011) Kara, Ersan; Özal, Mehmet; Günay, Mehmet; Kılıç, Mehmet; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimThe present study aims to examine the effect of zinc supplementation on the release of some cytokines in young wrestlers actively involved in wrestling. A total of 40 male subjects of the same age group were included in the study: half were wrestlers and the other half were not involved in sports. The subjects were equally divided into four groups and treated during an 8-week period as follows: group 1, zinc-supplemented athletes; group 2, non-supplemented athletes; group 3, zinc-supplemented sedentary subjects, and group 4, non-supplemented sedentary group. Blood samples were taken from each subject at the beginning and at the end of the study period. The serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interpheron-gamma levels (IFN-gamma) were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. At the beginning of the study, there were no significant differences of the measured parameters between the four study groups. At the end of the study, the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-2, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the two zinc-supplemented groups compared to those that did not receive supplementation, regardless of the activity status (p < 0.01).Öğe Elit Güreşçilerde Çinko Uygulamasının Antioksidan Aktivite Üzerine Etkisi(2011) Özal, Mehmet; Kara, Ersan; Gökdemir, Kadir; Akıl, Mustafa; Kılıç, Mehmet; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdulkerim KasımÇinko eksikliğinin fiziksel aktivite esnasında gözlenen serbest radikal oluşumu ve lipid peroksidasyonunu artırdığı, çinko takviyesinin bu olumsuzlukları engellediğinin bildirilmesi, çinkonun antioksidan sistemle ilişkisi bakımından oldukça önemli olmasının yanı sıra, aynı zamanda sporcu sağlığı ve performansıyla da yakın ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da, aktif güreş sporu yapan bireylerde çinko uygulamasının serbest radikal oluşumu ve antioksidan sistem üzerindeki etkisini araştırılmasıdır. Araştırma aynı yaş grubundaki 18 elit güreşçi ile 18 sedanter olmak üzere toplam 36 erkek denek üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Denekler eşit sayıda 4 gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1:Çinko uygulanan sporcu grubu. Grup 2: Uygulama yapılmayan sporcu grubu. Grup 3: Çinko uygulanan sedanter grup. Grup 4: Uygulama yapılmayan sedanter grup. Çinko uygulaması oral olarak 8 hafta boyunca 5 mg/kg/gün dozunda uygulandı. Çalışmanın başlangıç ve bitiminde olmak üzere her denekden ikişer defa kan örnekleri alındı. Alınan kan örneklerinde serum MDA, GSH, GPx, SOD (ELISA kolorimetrik yöntemle) ve çinko (kolorimetrik yöntemle) tayinleri gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmanın başlangıcında, araştırmaya alınan grupların MDA düzeyleri arasında önemli bir farklılık tespit edilmedi. Çalışmanın bitiminde grup 1 ve 3'ün MDA değerleri, grup 2 ve 4'e oranla önemli ölçüde düşük bulundu (p0.01). Benzer şekilde çalışmanın başlangıcında ölçülen GSH, GPx ve SOD düzeyleri gruplar arasında farklılık göstermedi. Çalışmanın bitiminde yapılan ölçümlerde en yüksek GSH, GPx, SOD seviyeleri grup 1 ve 3'de elde edildi (p0.01). Çalışmanın başlangıcında ölçülen çinko değerleri sporcu gruplarında (grup 1 ve 2) spor yapmayan gruplardan (grup 3 ve 4) daha düşüktü (p0.01). Çalışmanın bitiminde yapılan ölçümlerde en yüksek çinko değerleri grup 1 ve 3'de (çinko uygulanan gruplar) elde edildi. Çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bulgular çinko uygulamasının egzersizden bağımsız olarak antioksidan sistemi aktive ederek serbest radikal üretimini engellediğini göstermektedir. Elit sporcularda serum çinko düzeylerinin sedanterlere göre önemli oranda düşük bulunması çalışmamızın vurgulanması gereken bir başka sonucudur
