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Öğe 3D modeling by advanced total station(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2007) Yıldız, Ferruh; Karabörk, Hakan; Yakar, Murat; Altuntaş, Cihan; Karasaka, Lütfiye; Göktepe, AyhanMost recent trend is the laser scanning for modeling, visualization and drawing of cultural heritage. Due to high cost of the laser scanner, an alternative technique is developed. Reflectorless Robotic Total Station is a motor driven total station which capable of reflectorless measurement. It can be handled via hand computer. Additionally, it can be used image taken with different cameras. So, we can select for scanning area on image. Both image point and ground point can be measured. The transformation is realized between image coordinates and ground coordinate system. The selected area on image is scanned by requested interval and the point cloud of object is obtained. The point cloud is processed by software which can be processed data obtained by laser scanner. In this paper, the surveying of the sarcophagus is obtained by Reflectorless Robotic Total Station. The Sarcophagus is typical of sidamara and belongs to Roman Period 250-260 A.D. Modeling of sarcophagus has been carried out by commercial software. © 2007 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.Öğe An Application of Landsat-5TM Image Data for Water Quality Mapping in Lake Beysehir, Turkey(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2010) Nas, Bilgehan; Ekercin, Semih; Karabörk, Hakan; Berktay, Ali; Mulla, David J.The main goal of this study was to investigate spatial patterns in water quality in Lake Beysehir, which is the largest freshwater reservoir in Turkey, by using Landsat-5TM (Thematic Mapper) data and ground surveys. Suspended sediment (SS), turbidity, Secchi disk depth (SDD), and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) data were collected from 40 sampling stations in August, 2006. Spatial patterns in these parameters were estimated using bivariate and multiple regression (MR) techniques based on Landsat-5TM multispectral data and water quality sampling data. Single TM bands, band ratios, and combinations of TM bands were estimated and correlated with the measured water quality parameters. The best regression models showed that the measured and estimated values of water quality parameters were in good agreement (0.60 < R (2) < 0.71). TM3 provided a significant relationship (R (2) = 0.67, p < 0.0001) with SS concentration. MR between chl-a and various combinations of TM bands showed that TM1, TM2, and TM4 are strongly correlated with measured chl-a concentrations (R (2) = 0.60, p < 0.0001). MR of turbidity showed that TM1, TM2, and TM3 explain 60% (p < 0.0001) of the variance in turbidity. MR of SDD showed a strong relationship with measured SDD, with R (2) = 0.71 (p < 0.0001) for the ratio TM1/TM3 and TM1 band combinations. The spatial distribution maps present apparent spatial variations of selected parameters for the study area covering the largest freshwater lake and drinking water reservoir in Turkey. Interpretation of thematic water quality maps indicated similar spatial distributions for SS, turbidity, and SDD. A large area in the middle portion of the lake showed very low chl-a concentrations as it is far from point and nonpoint sources of incoming nutrients. The trophic state index values were calculated from chl-a and SDD measurements. Lake Beysehir was classified as a mesotrophic or eutrophic lake according to chl-a or SDD parameters, respectively.Öğe Buz hokeyi sporunda slap-shot vuruşunun fotometrik yöntemler kullanılarak biyomekank analizi(2009) Göktepe, Ayhan; Özfidan, Işıl; Karabörk, Hakan; Korkusuz, FezaBu çalışmada, buz hokeyinde kullanılan dinamik bir slap-shot vuruşunda dirsek ve diz eklemlerinin açısal kinematiği fotogrametrik metodlar kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Diz ve dirsek kinematiği tanımının elde edilebilmesi için, farklı takımlardan 4 sağ sopa Türk buz hokeyi oyuncusu bu çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Yükleme, temas ve takip evreleri 2 adet DragonFly ExpressTM dijital video kamera ile çekilmiştir. Değerlendirme fotogrametrik bir yazılım olan Pictran 2.9 yazılımı ile yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, dirsek açısı için önceki çalışmalarla tutarlılık gösterirken, diz eklem açısı için genel bir strateji elde edilememiştir.Öğe Buz Hokeyi? Sporunda Slap-Shot Vuruşunun Fotogrametri?k Yöntemler Kullanılarak Bi?yomekani?k Anali?zi?(Academic Journals, 2010) Göktepe, Ayhan; Özfidan, Işıl; Karabörk, Hakan; Korkusuz, FezaIn this study, elbow and knee joint kinematics of the non stationary ice hockey slap shot was investigated using photogrammetric methods. Four right handed elite Turkish ice hockey players from various teams participated in the study in order to scientifically obtain a general description of elbow and knee joint kinematics during a non-stationary slap shot. The loading, contact and follow through phases were analyzed using a dual camera and Pictran software system. The results showed an elbow angle pattern consistent with previous studies, however a general knee angle strategy could not be obtained.Öğe Dijital fotogrametri yöntemi ile zemin kayma yüzeylerinin belirlenmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2018) Demiröz, Atila; Tan, Özcan; Göktepe, Ayhan; Karabörk, HakanModel temellerle yükleme deneylerinde sınır taşıma gücüne ulaşıldığı anda kırılma yüzeyleri çıplak gözle görülememekte, kırılma yüzeylerini görmek için deneye bir süre daha devam ederek temelin oturmasının artması gerekmektedir. Bu durumda çıplak gözle belirlenen kırılma yüzeyleri gerçekte kırılma anına karşılık gelen yüzeyler olmadığından ölçülen kırılma geometrisi de gerçek durumu yansıtmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada kırılma yüzeylerinin fotogrametri tekniği ile yüklemenin başlangıcından sonuna kadar sürekli olarak izlenebilmesidir. Bu amaçla, geogrid donatılı ve donatısız kum üzerine oturan sürekli temellerde taşıma gücünü etkileyen değişik faktörlere göre belirlenen deneyler yapılmış ve fotogrametrik olarak izlenmiştir. Deneylerde çekilen fotoğraflar dijital fotogrametri tekniğiyle değerlendirilerek kayma yüzeyleri sayısallaştırılarak koordinatları belirlenmiştir. Bu teknik ile donatılı ve donatısız zeminlerde oluşan kayma yüzeyleri daha doğru bir şekilde belirlenmiştir.Öğe Documentation of the zazadin inn with laser scanning(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2007) Göktepe, Ayhan; Yıldız, Ferruh; Karabörk, Hakan; Yakar, Murat; Altuntaş, Cihan; Karasaka, LütfiyeTechnological development has brought a new instrument for 3D object survey in every field, and laser scanner is the latest of these instruments. In this time, laser scanners has been used for obtain data of 3D view in very field. The technique for laser scanner has reduced for survey time and to simplify all operational tasks. Especially, it is most effectively in a 3D view of big dimension object. In this study, Zazadin Inn, built in 1236 by Saadettin, who was the architect and also vizier of Alaeddin Keykubad sultan of Seljuk and dimensions about 94mx32m, was scanned by laser scanner and modeled 3D. Scanning was performed with Optech ILRIS 3D terrestrial laser scanner. Point clouds were matched with applied independent model triangulation by commercial software. All point clouds which was formed one point cloud was transformed in geodetic reference system. Geodetic reference system based Ground Control Points (GCP) is suitable for application of several time and method. © 2007 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effect of Fatigue on the Kinematics of Free Throw Shooting in Basketball(ACAD PHYSICAL EDUCATION-KATOWICE, 2010) Uygur, Mehmet; Göktepe, Ayhan; Ak, Emre; Karabörk, Hakan; Korkusuz, FezaFatigue is an indispensible part of a basketball game which may affect an athlete's shooting kinematics. Although kinematic analyses of various sports related movements were extensively done, this study is the first to consider the effects of fatigue on the kinematics of free throw shooting. After measuring the resting heart rate, ten collegiate level, male basketball players (21.8 +/- 1.6 y; 192.8 +/- 3.6 cm; 84.1 +/- 8.5 kg) were asked to perform free throws. Two successful and two unsuccessful free throws were selected. Thereafter, participants were asked to complete the fatigue protocol, which included 30m sprints and 5 vertical jumps at each end, until they reached volitional exhaustion. Additional two successful and two unsuccessful free throws were collected. All shots were recorded by using two digital cameras operating at 60 Hz and placed in a stereoscopic view. The elbow, trunk, knee and ankle joint angles were measured before and after the ball release and at the ball release point. The selected joint angles were compared between successful and unsuccessful free throws, as well as before and after the completion of fatigue protocol. The results demonstrated that fatigue did not effect free throw shooting kinematics (p>0.05) and there was no significant joint angle difference between successful and unsuccessful shots (p>0.05). This study suggested that high level athletes are able to cope with the possible detrimental effects of fatigue while performing coordinated movements such as free throw shooting.Öğe Futbolda penaltı atışının fotogrametrik yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edilmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu, 2009) Göktepe, Ayhan; Ak, Emre; Karabörk, Hakan; Çiçek, Şeref; Korkusuz, FezaHareketin bilimsel olarak kaydedilmesi ve değerlendirilerek geri dönüş verilmesi sporun vazgeçilmez unsurudur. Sporda hareket analizi günümüzde sadece laboratuar ortamında gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Bu durumda spora özgün ince farklılıklar ortadan kaybolmakta ve başarıyı beraberinde getiren unsurlarla ilgili sınırlı bilgi edinilebilmektedir. Sporda hareket analizinin doğal ortamda dijital video kameralara kaydedilerek fotogrametrik yöntemlerle değerlendirilmesi gerek ülkemizde gerekse yurt dışında özgün bir fikir olup orijinallik arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada futbol sporunda penaltı atış hareketinin, digital video kameralarla çekimi gerçekleştirilerek hareket adımlarının analizleri fotogrametrik yöntemler kullanılarak yapılmıştır.Öğe Georeferencing of ground-based LIDAR data using continuously operating reference stations(SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, 2014) Altuntaş, Cihan; Karabörk, Hakan; Tuşat, EkremTerrestrial laser scanning has been used for various outdoor visualizations such as urban, construction, excavations, and land topography. Since laser scanning data have their own local coordinates in each station, a three-dimensional point cloud model of the object of interest is created in the local coordinate system by the combination of these measurements. For spatial queries and computations, the point cloud and other spatial data should be combined in a common coordinate system. In this study, a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver were integrated for the registration of the laser scanner measurements into the geodetic coordinate system. Two georeferencing methods based on the continuously operating reference stations in the network Turkey (CORS-TR) were introduced. After the building was modelled by integrating the TLS and the GNSS receiver, the point cloud model that was created was registered to the international terrestrial reference frame. The registration was performed with 0.05 m root mean square error for the two georeferencing methods. (C) The Authors.Öğe The impact of different seamline production methods on the production of orthophoto mosaic in urban area(2017) Karabörk, Hakan; Fakıoğlu, Mehmet OzanGelişen yazılım ve görüntü alım sistemleri, ortofoto üretim zamanını azaltmış, ortofoto kalitesini artırmış ve yapım maliyetinidüşürmüştür. Ortofoto üretim işleminin kalitesini, dış yöneltme parametreleri ve sayısal yükseklik modelleri etkilemektedir. Mozaikleme işleminde kullanılacak dikiş çizgisinin kalitesini ise kullanılan matematiksel yöntemleretkilemektedir. Dikiş çizgisi üretiminde kullanılacak en doğru matematik yöntemi belirlemek, ortofoto üretim süresini azaltacağı ve ortofoto kalitesini artıracağı beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada belirlenen test alanında (meskun) yer örnekleme aralığı 30 cm ve 10 cm olan görüntüler kullanılarak nesne algılama, uyumlu saydamlaştırma, akıllı dikiş ve en yakın kamera merkezi yöntemleri ile mozaik üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, en başarılı sonuçlar nesne algılama yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir.Öğe Joint Angles During Successful and Unsuccessful Tennis Serves Kinematics of Tennis Serve(2009) Göktepe, Ayhan; Ak, Emre; Söğüt, Mustafa; Karabörk, Hakan; Korkusuz, FezaObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the joint angle differences in successful and unsuccessful tennis serves of junior tennis players. Patients and methods: Nine healthy junior tennis players (5 girls, 4 boys; mean age 11.8±0.8 years; height 153.6±7.2 cm; body mass index 42.3±4.1 kg; playing experience 6.2±1.5 years) volunteered to participate in this study. They were asked to perform tennis serves as fast as they can as if they were in an actual game. Successful and unsuccessful serves were recorded using two high speed cameras and then analyzed using Pictran software. Angle changes in pre-impact, impact and postimpact phases were compared. Results: The results of paired sample t-tests revealed nosignificant differences between successful and unsuccessful tennis serves in all three phases. Conclusion: This study failed to show differences between successful and unsuccessful tennis serves in pre-impact, impact and post-impact phases. However, future research with more detailed analyses would be needed to reveal the possible changes in the joints while serving.Öğe Kemancılarda sağ üst ekstremite eklemlerinin 3 boyutlu hareket analizinin digital fotogrametrik yöntemle değerlendirilmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2008) Karabörk, Hakan; Yağışan, Nihan; Göktepe, Ayhan; Karalezli, M. NazımBu çalışmada, keman çalma sırasında temel yay sürüşlerinde aktif olarak kullanılan el bileği ve dirsek eklemlerinin açısal değişikliklerinin, digital fotogrametrik yöntemler kullanılarak ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma 9 kemancı üzerinde yapılmıştır. Fotogrametrik değerlendirmede Pictran yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Keman çalmada aktif olarak kullanılan sağ üst ekstremiteye ait el bileği ve dirsek eklemleri, kalibre edilmiş bir test alanı üzerinde metrik olmayan kameralarla görüntülenerek bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmıştır. Görüntüde kullanılan işaretleyicilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda eklemlerin hareket açıları ve aynı zamanda üst ekstremite kemiklerinden humerus, ulna ve 5. metakarp kemikleri baz alınarak kol, önkol ve elin düşey eğimleri ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Eklem hareketlerindeki açısal değişikliklerin üç boyutlu (3B) rekonstruksiyonu yapılarak, elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Açısal ve eğimlerdeki değişikliklerdeki standart sapmalara bakıldığında açısal değişikliklerin kişilere göre fazla değişmediği ancak eğimlerde kişisel farklılıkların fazla olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalma tekniklerinde çok fazla kişisel farklılıkların olması, doğru tekniğin öğretilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Çalma esnasında aktif olarak çalışan bu eklemlerin daha etkili ve bilinçli kullanılması ile ilerde oluşabilecek meslek problemlerine önlem olması yanında bir anlamda açısal standardizasyonun geliştirilmesi de sağlanmış olacaktır.Öğe Kinematic analysis of penalty kick in soccer(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2008) Göktepe, Ayhan; Karabörk, Hakan; Ak, Emre; Çiçek, Şeref; Korkusuz, FezaKinematics of the instep penalty kick to four different targets (50cm2) placed at the upper left (UL), lower left (LL), upper right (UR), and lower right (LR) corners in the goal. Five colligate male soccer players were examined for their knee flexion and ankle extension strategies. The swing, ball contact and follow through phases were analyzed by using a dual camera and Pictran software system. Results revealed that participants had significantly higher ankle extension while hitting the target at the UR (m=77.6 deg, sd=10.5) and LR (m=84.4 degree, sd=10.1) corners. In conclusion players presented similar knee flexion but not ankle extension kinematic strategies at the contact and follow through phases of the instep penalty kick to different corners in the goal.Öğe Modeling and visualization using laser scanner in documentation of cultural heritage(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2007) Karabörk, Hakan; Yıldız, Ferruh; Yakar, Murat; Altuntaş, Cihan; Karasaka, LütfiyeLaser scanning technology has deeply modified the approach to surveying cultural heritage. The documentation of cultural heritage with laser scanning is both easier and faster than other methods. The aim of this work is to produce digital surface models, orthophoto, and visualization of a cultural heritage using point cloud. In this paper, the surveying of the sarcophagus obtained by laser scanner technique. The Sarcophagus is typical of paphylia and belongs to Roman Period III. Century A.D. To obtain the model of sarcophagus, several scanning have been made in all facade of sarcophagus. The integration of point cloud of all facades was conducted by Polyworks commercial software. Modeling, orthophoto and visualization has been carried out by the software. © 2007 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.Öğe Pattern search with bayesian learning method for interior orientation in photogrammetry(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011) Karabörk, Hakan; Coşkun, Emre; Bildirici, İbrahim Öztuğ; Yıldız, Ferruh[Abstract not Available]Öğe Selection of Appropriate Sampling Stations in a Lake Through Mapping(Springer, 2010) Karabörk, HakanMuch valuable information is obtained from water quality measurements and monitoring of lakes around the world. A powerful tool is the use of mapping techniques, as it offers potential use in water quality research. Both remote sensing techniques and traditional water quality monitoring are required to collect data at sampling stations. This study suggests another approach to determine the most appropriate distribution of sampling stations in water reservoirs that will be mapped for water quality parameters. Tests were conducted for the proposed approach for Secchi disc depth (SDD), chlorophyll-a, turbidity and suspended solids parameters in Lake Beysehir, Turkey. Results of analysis are available for a total of 30 sampling stations in August 2006. Ten sampling stations were used to model Lake Beysehir while the others were used for validation of the model. Sampling stations that offered the best representation of the lake for each parameter were determined. Then, the best representative sampling stations for all parameters in the study were determined. Moreover, in order to confirm the accuracy of these re-determined sampling stations, modelling was performed on the results of the analysis of June 2006, and it was found that the values obtained from the re-determined sampling stations were acceptable.Öğe Three-Dimensional Measurements of Glenohumeral Joint Surfaces in Sheep, Cat and Rabbit by Photogrammetry(2009) Karabörk, HakanThe aim of this study, was the 3-dimensional analysis of the glenohumeral joints of the sheep, cat and rabbit. Twelve glenohumeral joints of animals were examined as materials. The surface areas of the glenoid cavity and the caput of the humeral head, the maximum cranio-caudal and medio-lateral depths of the glenoid cavity, the maximum cranio-caudal and medio-lateral heights of the humeral head, the cranio-caudal and medio-lateral curvature distances of the glenoid cavity and the cranio-caudal and medio-lateral curvature distances of the humeral head were measured by photogrammetric technique in the animals. Ratios amongst surface area of glenoid cavity and caput of humeral head, maximum cranio-caudal depth of glenoid cavity and height of humeral head, maximum medio-lateral depth of glenoid cavity and height of humeral head, cranio-caudal curvature distance of glenoid cavity and humeral head and medio-lateral curvature distance of glenoid cavity and humeral head were determined. The sheep had the largest values for the glenohumeral joint, except for some ratios. Cats had the smallest ratios for all measured values. As a result, this photogrammetric technique may be useful for veterinary anatomy and surgery.Öğe Yersel fotogrametride kullanılan metrik olmayan dijital kameraların kalibrasyonunda kullanılan yazılımların incelenmesi üzerine bir çalışma(2005) Yıldız, Ferruh; Karabörk, Hakan; Yakar, Murat; Yılmaz, H. MuratYersel fotogrametride kullanılan metrik ve metrik olmayan dijital veya analog kameraların kalibre edilmesi fotogrametrik değerlendirme için çok önemlidir. Son zamanlarda, metrik olmayan dijital kameraların, yersel fotogrametri amaçlı değerlendirme çalışmalarında kullanımı oldukça yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu tip kameraların yersel fotogrametri amaçlı metrik kameralara göre fiyatlarının çok daha düşük olması kullanıcıların ilgisini çekmekte ve birçok projede yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada metrik olmayan kameralar için uygulamada kullanılan distorsiyon modelleri açıklanmış ve Nikon Coolpix-950 dijital kamerasının farklı test alanlarında ve farklı uluslararası yazılımlarla gerçekleştirilen kalibrasyon sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir.
