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    Geochemistry, provenance and tectonic setting of the Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician Seydisehir Formation in the Caltepe and Fele areas, SE Turkey
    (ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, 2014) Karadag, Mehmet Muzaffer
    The major, trace and rare earth element (REE) contents of metapelite (MPL), metapsammite (MPS) and metamarl (MM) samples from the Cambro-Ordovician Seydisehir Formation were analyzed to investigate their provenance and tectonic setting. The MPS, MPL, and MM samples have variable SiO2 concentrations, with average values of 72.36, 55.54, and 20.95 wt%, moderate SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (means of 6.88, 3.23, and 3.80), moderate to high Fe2O3 + MgO contents (means of 5.14, 9.55, 3.56 wt%), and high K2O/Na2O ratios (means of 3.26, 3.64, 2.90), respectively. On average, the chemical index of alteration (CIA) values of the MPS and the MPL are 65.87 and 71.96, respectively, while the chemical index of weathering (CIW) values are 74.54 and 85.09, respectively. These data record an intermediate to high degree of alteration (weathering) of plagioclase to illite/kaolinite in the samples' provenance. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of all the sample groups are similar and are characterized by subparallel light rare earth elements (LREE)-enriched, relatively flat heavy rare earth elements (HREE) patterns with pronounced Eu anomalies (mean of 0.69) and moderate fractionation [average (La/Yb)(N) = 8.7]. Plots of sediments in ternary diagrams of La, Th, Sc and elemental ratios (La/Sc, Th/Sc, Cr/Th, Eu/Eu*, La/Lu, Co/Th, La/Sc and Sc/Th), which are critical for determining provenance, and REE patterns indicate that the metaclastic units of the Seydisehir Formation were derived dominantly from felsic to intermediate magmatic rocks and not from a mafic source. The La-Sc-Th and Th-Sc-Zr/10 ternary diagrams of the Seydisehir Formation are typical of continental island arc/active continental margin tectonic settings. The geologic location and geochemistry of the Seydisehir Formation suggest that it was deposited in an Andean-type retroarc foreland basin during the Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician period. The Neoproterozoic intermediate to felsic magmatic rocks and metaclastic sediments with felsic origins of the Sandikli-Afyon Basement Complex (SBC) and their equivalent units, which are thought to be overlain by the younger units in the study area, may be the dominant source rocks for the Seydisehir Formation. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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    GEOLOGY OF THE YANIKLAR-CIFTLIK-KARAGEDIK (FETHIYE-MUGLA, TURKEY) AREA AND MINERALOGICAL, PETROGRAPHICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHROMITE OCCURRENCES
    (INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2009) Karadag, Mehmet Muzaffer; Karagoz, M. Serhat; Ozturk, Alican
    The study area is located at the southwest end of Taurid Orogenic belt, around Yaniklar-Ciftlik-Karagedik (Fethiye-Mugla) and covers approximately an area of 77 km(2). In the study area magmatic and sedimentary rocks formed in Mesozoic-Senozoic period crop out. Eventhough the Upper Triassic-Low Jurassic Kayakoy formation represented by dolomite, cherty dolomite and dolomitic limestone occurs at the basement of the study area. This unit lies tectonically on the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Babadag formation comprising micritic limestone with chert nodules. The Upper-Cretaceous Covenliyayla formation composed of spilitic basalt thrusted on the Babadag formation. The Upper-Cretaceous Marmaris peridotite rest on the Cemenliyayla formation with a tectonic contact. It comprises serpentinized harzburgite, dunite, serpentine and pyroxenite and dolerite dykes cutting above mentioned rock units. All these units were unconformably covered by dirty yellow, yellow and grayish conglomerate, claystone and sandstone of the Pliocene Cameli formation, Quaternary alluvium, block sized talus and beach deposits. Multidirectional fracture and joint systems resulted from thrust tectonic of the Alpine orogene. But it is difficult to determine a dominant stress direction. The present morphology has been gain as a result of folding developed by tectonic movement of the Alpin orogenez and the litologies acting differently againts erosional processes. Serpentinization occurred in basic and ultrabasic rocks, at the contact between dyke and host rocks, at fault zone and also especially along fractures and joints within peridotite mass. The Fethiye chromite deposits were found in the tectonit harzburgite within the Marmaris peridotite. They are massive, disseminated, nodular and banded in type, and are classified as "aluminium chromite" based on their composition In the light of field observation and obtained data. It is concluded that the chromites in the study area were originated from a magma which is poorer in silica and aluminum than those of a typical basaltic magma in which the pediform chromite is formed. With regard to the trace element content, the Ni and Zn contents of the Fethiye chromite are very close to these in other pediform type chromite. But they are rich in Ni and poor in Zn compared with the stratiform chromite deposits.
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    Potential Bioaccumulator Mosses around Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Vicinity of the Giresun Area, Northeast Turkey
    (WILEY, 2015) Karakaya, Muazzez Celik; Karakaya, Necati; Kupeli, Suayip; Karadag, Mehmet Muzaffer; Kirmaci, Mesut
    The study area located in the western part of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey, represents the eastern part of the metallogenic province of the Black Sea region. The soil, water, and some mosses from the area contain heavy metal pollution from the mines and tailings of the abandoned and partially active massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks. The surface/subsurface/underground ore bodies generally cause the acidification of groundwater and the enrichment of heavy and toxic trace metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, As, and Pb) in the water, soil, and mosses. The mosses are Rhabdoweisia crispata, Pohlia nutans, and Pohlia elongata. R. crispata is a newly reported plant in Turkey, and the abovementioned moss species are observed especially where the toxic element contents of the water and soil are enriched. The mosses are sensitive to the trace metals and thus accumulate metal ions, predominantly Fe, Al, and Mn, which are apparent in the interaction between the water and roots. R. crispata is a better accumulator of trace metals and some major elements than the other mosses. R. crispata is therefore suitable for use in the recovery of polluted soil and water affected by acid mine wastewater from active and/or abandoned mining sites in the NE of Turkey.