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    COMPARISON OF BONE TURNOVER MARKERS BETWEEN MALE SMOKER AND NON-SMOKER
    (CARBONE EDITORE, 2016) Kargin, Nisa Cetin; Marakoglu, Kamile; Unlu, Ali; Kebapcilar, Levent; Korucu, Emine Nedime
    Introduction: Osteoporosis is the most frequently seen metabolic bone disease. Smoking has long been defined as a changeable risk factor in life style for both bone loss and fractures. This study is aimed to compare of the bone turnover markers between smoker and non-smoker male. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, 85 smoker males were allocated to the case group, while 85 non-smoker males were allocated to the control group. Osteocalcin (OC) and osteoprotogerin (OPG) analyzed among bone formation parameters, while RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) and CTX (C-terminal telopeptide) were studied among the bone destruction parameters alongside with TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone), Ca (Calcium), P (Phosphorus), PTH (Parathyroid Hormone), ALP(Alkaline Phosphatase), TT (Total Testosterone), and vitamin D parameters that affect bone mineral density. Results: It was found that the smoker group's CTX level (50.30+/-26.97 ng/ml) was statistically significant lower than that of the non-smoker group (65.10+/-42.41 ng/ml. (p=0.007) The average serum PTH level of the smoker and non-smoker groups were 23.75+/-9.88 pg/ml and 31.35+/-13.15 pg/ml respectively and the related average of the non-smoker group was statistically higher than that of the smoker group (p=0.000). It was found that the smoker group's vitamin D (16.75+/-8.73 ng/ml) was statistically significant lower than that of the non-smoker group (19.50+/-8.97 ng/ml (p=0.044). Conclusions: The study supports the fact that one of the risk factors for osteoporosis is smoking and it negatively affects bone formation as well. It should be noted that osteoporosis is a significant health issue not only for older men but also for middle-aged male smokers and the necessary support for smoking cessation should be offered.
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    Evaluation of pharmacologic therapies accompanied by behavioural therapy on smoking cessation success: a prospective cohort study in Turkey
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017) Marakoglu, Kamile; Kargin, Nisa Cetin; Ucar, Rahime Merve; Kizmaz, Muhammet
    OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to compare the rate of smoking cessation in the first month, third month, sixth month, first-year, and second year among those who quit smoking following different pharmacological and behavioural therapies administered at the Selcuk University's Smoking Cessation Clinic in Turkey. METHODS: In this study, 3322 people who presented to the clinic in order to quit smoking were advised one of the most suitable medical treatments (varenicline, bupropion, NRT) accompanied by behaviour therapy after their health queries and examinations were made and Fagerstrom scores were evaluated. Smoking cessation patients were followed up clinically and by making calls after smoking cessation. RESULTS: The smoking cessation success rate in the cases using varenicline in the first month was 63.5% (766/1206), in the third month 46.8% (548/1170), in the sixth month 32.1% (386/1201), first year 25.6% (298/1163), and 19.9% (211/1059) in the second year. The success rate in the cases using bupropion in the first month was 49.9% (559/1120), in the third month 35.6% (405/1138), in the sixth month 26.4% (319/1210), first year 21.9% (261/1192), and 16.0% (133/832) in the second year. The success rate in the cases using NRT was 53.2% (25/47) in the first-month, 24.3% (9/37) in the third-month, and 27.3% (6/22) in the sixth-month assessments. The rates of smoking cessation in the cases using varenicline and behavioural therapy in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th month were significantly higher compared to the cases using bupropion and behavioural therapy (p =.000, p =.000, p =.008, p =.034, and p =.028; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It has been observed in this study that varenicline as a smoking cessation drug is better tolerated than other medications and it seems to be more effective.