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    The Effects of Fungicidal Seed Treatments on Seed Germination, Mean Germination Time and Seedling Growth in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Ergin, Nurgül; Kulan, Engin Gökhan; Kaya, Mehmet Demir
    Seed-borne pathogens cause incorrect scores determining seed germination rate in safflower. A laboratory experiment was planned to search for an effective fungicide treatment for safflower seeds inhibiting the seed-borne infections during germination and early seedling growth. Two safflower cultivars (Olas and Linas) and five fungicides (Thiram, maneb, mancozeb, metalaxyl, and captan) were tested. Germination, mean germination time, and seedling growth parameters were investigated for determining the effectiveness of the fungicides. Results showed that germination percentage was not adversely affected by the fungicides and a higher germination percentage was obtained from the seeds treated with fungicides. Mean germination time shortened with fungicide treatments and more rapid germination was observed in thiram and metalaxyl. Fungicides increased root and shoot growth, especially in thriam and metalaxyl. The seedling weight of safflower cultivars was not changed by the application of fungicides. The infection rate of two safflower cultivars was different and untreated seeds of cv. Olas were infected. The seeds treated with fungicides successfully prevented the seed-borne infections, the minimum infection rate was obtained from the seeds treated with thiram, maneb and mancozeb. It was concluded that pretreatment of safflower seeds with thriam or mancozeb should be beneficial for avoiding seed-borne pathogens before germination test, and these applications may be test.
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    Factors Affecting Germination Performance of Four Endemic Sideritis Species in Turkey
    (ANKARA UNIV, FAC AGR, 2015) Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Kulan, Engin Gokhan; Gumuscu, Gonul; Gumuscu, Ahmet
    The genus Sideritis is an indigenous plant to temperate and subtropical regions of Turkey, especially for Mediterranean and Aegean region, and is extensively used as herbal tea and spice. The seeds of Sideritis species have a difficulty in germination, which limits their cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate the germination performance of 4 endemic Sideritis species (Sideritis condensata, S. libanotica ssp. linearis, S. leptoclada and S. tmolea) harvested freshly or stored for 1 and 2 years in terms of germination percentage and mean germination time and to determine the suitability of seed treatments (Hydration and gibberellic acid (GA(3)) application, and their combination with pre-chilling) for overcoming germination difficulty in the species. Germination percentages of these species ranged from 28.5% to 77.0%. The lowest germination rate and the highest mean germination time (11.9 day) were determined in S. libanotica ssp. linearis in fresh seeds. Improved germination and shortened mean germination time were achieved using 200 mg L-1 GA(3) application. Seed storage did not influence the germination of the Sideritis species. It was found that pre-chilling did not prerequisite for germination of the species. It was concluded that GA(3) treatment should effectively be used as a method for improving germination of endemic Sideritis species regardless of seed age.
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    Seed Vigor Changes of Forage Pea Cultivars Based on Seed Color
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2020) Avcı, Süleyman; Saylan, Musa; Kaya, Mehmet Demir
    This study aimed to determine whether there were the differences for germination performance and seed vigor among the seed colors (Brown, green and army green) in forage pea cultivars (Özkaynak, Töre and Taşkent) after harvest. Second day germination percentage, final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), seedling fresh (SFW) and dry weight (SDW) were measured. The seed vigor tests, electrical conductivity (EC) and accelerated ageing (AA) conducted at 42°C for 48 h were used for distinguishing the vigor of seed colors in forage pea cultivars. The results showed that the final germination percentage was not significantly changed with seed color and cultivar while 2nd day germination was recorded in cv. Töre and army green seeds. Army green colored seeds germinated faster than brown ones. Among three genotypes, cv. Töre had the highest final germination percentage, shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, and the earlier time to germination. There were significant differences among seed colors and army green and green seeds produced more vigorous seedling than brown seeds. The EC and AA tests confirmed that vigorous germination and seedling growth were obtained from green colored seeds in forage pea. Lower EC values and higher germination performance in AA test were recorded in army green and green seeds. It was concluded that the forage pea seeds after harvest should be sorted for seed color and removing of brown seeds may be beneficial for improving seeds quality for their high seed vigor and seedling growth ability.