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Öğe Earthquake Hazard and Damage on Traditional Rural Structures in Turkey(COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2010) Korkmaz, H. H.; Korkmaz, S. Z.; Döndüren, M. S.During the last earthquakes in Turkey, reinforced concrete structures in the cities and masonry structures in the rural part were exposed to damage and failure. Masonry houses such as earthen, brick and stone structures are composed of building blocks with weak inter-binding action which have low tension capacity. Bending and shear forces generate tensile stresses which cannot be well tolerated. In this paper, the performance of masonry structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey is discussed with illustrative photographs taken after earthquakes. The followings are the main weakness in the materials and unreinforced masonry constructions and other reasons for the extensive damage of masonry buildings. Very low tensile and shear strength particularly with poor mortar, brittle behaviour in tension as well as compression, stress concentration at corners of windows and doors, overall unsymmetry in plan and elevation of building, unsymmetry due to imbalance in the sizes and positions of walls and openings in the walls, defects in construction such as use of substandard materials, unfilled joints between bricks, not-plump walls, improper bonding between walls at right angles etc.Öğe Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Nonductile Infilled RC Frames Strengthened With External Mesh Reinforcement and Plaster Composite(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2010) Korkmaz, S. Z.; Kamanlı, Mehmet; Korkmaz, H. H.; Döndüren, Mahmud Sami; Çöğürcü, Mustafa TolgaThe aim of this paper is to report on an experimental study about Turkish Earthquake Code on suggested strengthening method. The proposed method uses existing brick infill walls and the strengthening is done with the application of external mesh reinforcement and plaster. 5 nonductile 1/2 scaled, one bay, two storey RC specimens were tested under a reversed cyclic loading. The first two specimens were reference specimens and the other ones were strengthened with the proposed method. The specimens contained several design and construction mistakes such as low concrete quality and improper steel detailing. Strength, stiffness and storey drifts of the test specimens were measured. The results of the test on these frames were compared with the reference specimens. The effects of the reinforced mesh plaster application for strengthening on behaviour, strength, stiffness, failure mode and ductility of the specimens were investigated. Unexpected failure modes were observed during the testing and the results were summarized in this paper.Öğe Seismic performance improvement of infilled nonductile RC frames(CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, 2015) Korkmaz, S. Z.; Kilic, A.; Korkmaz, H. H.; Kamanh, M.The objective of this paper is to report the result of an experimental program conducted on the strengthening of nonductile RC frames by using external mesh reinforcement and plaster application. This type of strengthening technique is recently added to the new Turkish Earthquake Code (2007). The main objective was to test an alternative strengthening technique for reinforced concrete buildings, which could be applied with minimum disturbance to the occupants. Generic specimen is two floors and one bay RC frame in Y, scales. The basic aim of tested strengthening techniques is to upgrade strength, ductility and stiffness of the member and/ or the structural system. Six specimens, two of which were reference specimens and the remaining four of which four of which had deficient steel detailing and poor concrete quality were strengthened and tested in an experimental program under cyclic loading. The parameters of the experimental study are mesh reinforcement ratio and plaster thickness of the infilled wall. The results of test on these frames were compared with reference specimens. The effects of the mesh reinforced plaster application for strengthening on behavior, strength, stiffness, failure mode and ductility of the specimens were investigated. Premature and unexpected failure mode has been observed at first and second specimens failed due to inadequate plaster thickness. Also third strengthened specimen failed due to inadequate lap splice of the external mesh reinforcement. The last modified specimen behaved satisfactorily with higher ultimate load carrying capacity. Externally reinforced infill wall composites improve seismic behavior by increasing lateral strength, lateral stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of reinforced concrete buildings, and limit both structural and nonstructural damages caused by earthquakes.Öğe Use of steel plate shear walls for the lateral rigidity improvement of reinforced concrete frame(CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, 2015) Korkmaz, S. Z.; Korkmaz, H. H.Turkey is situated on a very active earthquake zone of the world. The seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings are required for future earthquakes. The main problem in Turkish building stock is the insufficient lateral rigidity. Recently, the steel shear walls are used to increase the stiffuess of the frames for steel structures. It has several advantages compared to the steel bracings. The Steel plate Shear Walls (SPSW) are composed a diagonal tension field across the opposite comers of the frame. In this study, use of SPSW's were investigated experimentally. The generic specimen was 1/3 scaled, two storey, one bay RC frame. It represents the exterior frame of the building. The first specimen was the reference specimen which didn't contain any strengthening. In the other specimens steel plate shear walls were used to cover the external facade of the frame opening. These SPSW's are intented to increase the lateral stiffuess of the frame. Lateral reversed cyclic hystersis curves of the specimens, envelope curves, maximum lateral load carrying capacities, energy absorption capacities, increase in lateral rigidities were evaluated.
