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Öğe Analysis of the units contributing climate comfort conditions in outdoor spaces in Turkish traditional architecture(2006) Güleç S.A.; Canan F.; Korumaz M.In our country, the weather is generally hot in summer and according to the regions it is dry and hot. Due to the fact that the average outdoor temperature is 21°C in summer, semi-open and open spaces are used more than closed spaces. This usage is generally analyzed with units like revak, courtyard and eyvan in Turkish traditional dwelling culture which has a rooted past. The aim of these tree units is to provide comfort conditions in outdoor spaces with their physical features especially in hot summer days of dry climate regions. These semi-open spaces have been protected from heat effect of sunny due to their orientation and they keep the cool influence of wind in the area. In addition to this, they contribute to positive outside climate in hot summer months with their location in building, with their components and materials used for them and with their landscape components. In addition to their cooling and shadow influence in hot summer days, they are also social spaces where people assemble and share various and conventional activities together. Though these affirmative qualities, they aren't taken into consideration in contemporary architectural applications. They are not effectively applied in today's architecture, balconies and terraces are observed as semi open outside spaces in modern buildings in stead of revak, eyvan and courtyard in traditional architecture. From the point of view of providing the cool effect in outdoor spaces, balconies and terraces are not as effective as traditional architectural units. It is obvious that these space organizations which are passive energy sources shouldn't be overlooked in todays buildings which have high air conditioning cost. In this study, the analyses of these units which contribute outside climate comfort conditions and component of traditional houses chosen in the southeast part of Turkey were made. Their ratio on the ground floor to all area of traditional house was calculated and this ratio was compared with contemporary units. It has seen in the results that terraces are used instead of eyvan and revak on the ground floor of traditional houses. But it has been observed that they are not integrated with the mass as these traditional units. As it will be seen in the examples, there are quite important lessons that we must take from the traditional architecture in the context of sustainability and design concerning with contributing outside climate comfort conditions.Öğe Evaluation of the energy efficiency of gaziantep traditional houses(2006) Korumaz M.; Canan F.; Güleç S.A.It is a generally accepted idea that today's architectural activities should be environmentalist and sustainable. The most significant design input is 'climate' for using sustainable energy in buildings. How energy requirements are used to obtain the comfort conditions of the buildings can be estimated with technological developments and researches today. It is obvious that there is much knowledge which we should learn from traditional architecture as in the context of urban, in single structure and in structural details for energy effective design. In this context, in Turkey, a great amount of energy consumed is used in buildings for air-conditioning and for heating them. To minimize this energy consumption, energy effective passive systems must be used in the design of agglomerations. When Gaziantep traditional houses are observed, it is seen that they have various forms in urban and building scale due to the hot-dry climate. These forms and locations change according to their orientations, wind direction and their topography. To accommodate of traditional dwelling issue on high regions where they can utilize the refreshing effect of the wind, to constitute shady spaces with site plan compositions of the buildings, to obtain weather circulation in hot summer days; frontages of the buildings, size and ratio of the components used in facade are functional solutions for natural climate systems in the urban scale. In this study, energy performances of four traditional houses in Gaziantep traditional urban fabric has been compared with three new buildings which represent the widespread applications in new constructions. In the results of the study, it is seen that four traditional Gaziantep houses need 47% less energy in winter when they are compared with three modern houses. In parallel to this, it is seen that they have 18% less energy loss during the year. As the result of the study, it can be said that the new habitation regions designed by today's development plans are designed without the consideration of natural ventilation systems. In these new examples it is observed that the design of frontages of the buildings and their structural details for conserving energy and natural ventilation are very far from the traditional architecture. And also, in these examples, span of the windows, walls and floor elements and examples in the traditional architecture are not repeated in today's applications as natural passive energy systems.Öğe The photogrammetric evaluation of the tiles on Turkish traditional buildings, an example from Konya(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2008) Göleç S.A.; Yakar M.; Korumaz M.The art of tile-earthenware glazed tiles-which is one of the oldest and traditional Turkish arts, are usually used in architecture and products such as pots and bowls as ceramics. Çini, which is a branch of ceramic art that developed in Central Asia, was brought to Anatolia by the Seljuks. It occupied a very important place in Ottoman architectural decoration and had very prominent place in the history of Islamic art. This branch of art had embellished mosques, madrasas (theological schools), tombs and palaces, kiosks, fountains, internal and external parts of similar buildings and Seljuk mosques, madrasas, tombs and palaces were decorated with exquisite tiles. From very old times, Turks had preferred to embellish their buildings with tiles and they had started to adorn their places of worship with the tiles. This preference became a tradition in the period of Anatolian Seljuks, continued in the period of Ottoman and this traditional art continued until the first years of Republic. Today, tile ceramic productions are made by contemporary techniques. The forms of the tiles are generally vegetal and geometric motifs. Wide surfaces can be covered with union of small tiles and they can be constituted only one motif in some situations. Many tiles on many historical buildings in our country had been lost because of wars, demolishing and robbery or they had been demolished. Today, in documentation of historical buildings with tiles, controller establishments particularly emphasize the necessity of the documentation of the surfaces with tiles and they make this documentation indispensable. Because of this obligation, especially designators get copies of these tiles by moulage one by one with very difficult working. With this method, transparent papers are spread over the tiles and motifs are drawn one by one with hand and with patient working. It can be seen an easy way to copy the tiles especially in the inside of the building, but when it is in outside of the building, their copy or measurement can become very difficult way because of the time problem, height of the building, weather conditions. For measuring and copying them, close range photogrammetric method will be very useful and it will facilitate the measurement, copying and drawing process in such situations. In the extent of this study, evaluations will be made on the tiles on a historical building facade which of measured drawings prepared and orthophoto images of these tiles prepared with photogrammetric method. And also in the study, evaluations about the simplicities that photogrammetric method brought to muralists and painters of ornaments who are collaborate with architects will be made with the completing these drawings in the computer.
