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    Phytotoxic, Cytotoxic and Insecticidal Activities of Chrysophthalmum dichotomum Boiss. and Heldr
    (ASSOC PHARMACEUTICAL TEACHERS INDIA, 2018) Ayaz, Fatma; Kucukboyaci, Nurgun; Bani, Baris; Sener, Bilge; Choudhary, Muhammad Iqbal
    Background: Chrysophthalmum dichotomum Boiss. and Heldr. (Asteraceae) is an endemic herbaceous plant to Southern part of Turkey. Aim: To investigate in vitro phytotoxic, cytotoxic and insecticidal activities of C. dichotomum. Methods: The MeOH extract of C. dichotomum was fractionated through subsequent solvent extractions in increasing polarity with n-hexane, chloroform and n-butanol. The MeOH extract and its fractions were evaluated for their biological acitivities using in vitro screening bioassays such as cytotoxicity on brine shrimps, phytotoxicity against Lemna minor and insecticidal activity against Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. Results: The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed significant phytotoxic activity (100 % growth inhibition) at 1000 mu g/ml against L. minor. The brine shrimp lethality test revealed that the chloroform and remaining water fractions of C. dichotomum have moderate and positive lethality with LD50 values of 169.48 and 46.26 mu g/mL, respectively. In addition, the chloroform and n-butanol fractions had low and moderate insecticidal activity with 20 and 40 % of mortality against Tribolium castaneum, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that C. dichotomum consists of bioactive constituents responsible for phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity on brine shrimps and insecticidal activity.
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    Phytotoxicity, toxicity on brine shrimp and ınsecticidal effect of chrysophthalmum gueneri aytac & anderb. growing in Turkey
    (Türkish Pharmacists Assoc, 2018) Ayaz, Fatma; Kucukboyaci, Nurgun; Bani, Baris; Sener, Bilge; Choudhary, Muhammad Iqbal
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the probable toxicity on brine shrimp, phytotoxicity, and insecticidal activity of Chrysophthalmum gueneri Aytac & Anderb. Materials and Methods: The MeOH (80%) extract obtained from the whole plant of C. gueneri was fractionated through subsequent solvent extractions in increasing polarity with n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol. The MeOH (80%) extract and all fractions of C. gueneri were evaluated for their biologic activities using in vitro screening bioassays such as brine shrimp lethality test and phytotoxicity against Lemna minor, as well as insecticidal activity against Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. Results: The findings showed that the n-hexane and chloroform fractions of the plant had significant phytotoxic activities with 100% growth inhibition (GI) at 1000 mu g/mL against L. minor. Moreover, the MeOH (80%) extract (53% GI) and n-butanol fraction (46.6% GI) of the plant had moderate phytotoxic activities at 1000 mu g/mL. Otherwise, no samples had toxicity on the brine shrimps. In addition, the remaining water fraction had low insecticidal activity with 20% mortality against T. castaneum. Conclusion: Our results show that the n-hexane and chloroform fractions of C. gueneri had potential phytotoxic effects.