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    Effects of pH and Dissolved Organic Matter on the Formation of Disinfection By-Products by Chlorination and Chloramination
    (WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC, 2009) Kucukcongar, Sezen; Sevimli, Mehmet Faik; Yel, Esra
    A major concern for water utilities is the formation of DBPs resulting from reactions between DOM and disinfectant. THMs and HAAs are the most common and have diverse toxicological effects. The formations of THMs and HAAs by chlorination with chlorine and chloramine at several DOM concentrations and pH's were investigated. Water sample was obtained from Istanbul Omerli Dam, isolated using a laboratory scale membrane system used for chlorination study at different organic matter concentrations. Diluted isolate samples were chlorinated according to UFC protocol. 24 hours after chlorination THM formation was in lower level at acidic pH, whereas at neutral or basic pH, higher concentrations of THMs formed. For all DOC conditions ultimate DBP levels were reached at 24 hours. Chloraminated samples slightly acidic (6) and slightly basic (8) pH resulted in lower THM from neutral pH. HAA formation in pH 6 and 7.2 were equal while lower at pH 8. Despite strong fluctuations ultimate levels were reached in the first 8 hours after chloramination. All formed DBPs except BF were considerably higher in chlorination. Effect of pH in the range of 6 to 8 was approximately the same in both disinfectants. Chloramination completes DBP formation reactions earlier and results in much lower quantities in terms of total THMs and HAAs.
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    THE REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING AN INDUSTRIAL WASTE MATERIAL
    (HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT ASSOC, 2017) Evliyaogullari, Nur Eda; Oden, Muhammed Kamil; Kucukcongar, Sezen
    Heavy metals have toxic effects for aquatic environment and living organisms, therefore the importance for heavy metal removals from aqueous solutions increase recently. Various removal methods of heavy metals from wastewaters were used such as chemical oxidation, adsorption, membrane filtration, UV treatment etc. Adsorption process is a favorable method because of its low cost and efficiency. In this study an industrial waste material produced in boron enrichment process for concentrate colemanite production was used as an adsorbent for chromium removal from aqueous solution. The influence of adsorbent mass, pH, contact time and initial chromium concentration on the adsorption efficiency has been investigated. Maximum chromium removal was obtained as 73% at optimum conditions (adsorbent doze=2.0 g/L; shaking speed=200 rpm; original pH=5.0; contact time=30 minutes and initial chromium concentration=20 mg/L). The adsorption isotherm of waste material was fitted by Freundlich adsorption isotherm and R-2 value of the isotherm was determined as 0.83.