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    Farklı Süt İşletmelerinde Kullanılan Sağmal İnek Rasyonlarının NRC-2001 Verileri ve Süt Verimlerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2022) Kurt, Mehmet Can; İnal, Fatma
    Achieving optimum milk and reproductive efficiency from dairy cows requires correct determination of daily nutrient requirements and feeding the right amount of feed mixture to meet them. This feed mixture, which should be fed daily, is known as ration, and if it is managed correctly, the productivity of the animals can be maximized. The need for nutrients varies according to breed, age, live weight, and yield of animals. Total mixed ration (TMR) is the form of giving forages and concentrates to animals as a single mixture in bulk. It is common in high-yield farms with many animals. Factors such as eliminating the risk of cows separating and selecting feeds, providing more stable rumen conditions, allowing the ration to be prepared with the lowest cost, allowing the use of less palatable feeds by mixing them into the ration are among the advantages of the TMR feeding system. In this experiment, nutrient analysis of 12 different TMR samples belonging to different yield groups from 5 different dairy farms were performed. The animal information and diet formulations obtained from the farms were evaluated with the NRC-2001 based ration program. Some nutritional values calculated in the program were compared with the nutritional values obtained from chemical analysis. The protein allowable milk yields and energy allowable milk yields obtained from diet formulating programme were compared with the actual milk yields. Expected milk yields and actual milk yields according to the energy and protein levels of the diets were found to be similar in general (P>0,05). However, when TMRs were evaluated individually, it was determined that the change between actual and expected milk yields was between 0,1 and 8,9 kg. Dry matter (DM), total digestible nutrients (TDN), crude protein (HP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP), metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) levels calculated according to the TMR composition and values determined from chemical analysis no significant difference was detected. Expected milk yields can be obtained with the ration program based on NRC-2001, when the information of the milking cows is entered correctly, the appropriate feeds are selected in the database, and the ration is balanced.