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    Influence of different extraction techniques on the chemical profile and biological properties of Anthemis cotula L.: Multifunctional aspects for potential pharmaceutical applications
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Sut, Stefania; Dall'Acqua, Stefano; Zengin, Gökhan; Şenkardeş, İsmail; Bulut, Gizem; Cvetanovic, Aleksandra; Stupar, Alena; Mandić, Anamarija; Picot-Allain, Carene; Doğan, Ahmet; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Mahomoodally, Fawzi
    The phytochemical composition of different extracts obtained from stinking chamomile (Anthemis cotula L) was investigated. Ethanol was used as solvent and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), maceration, soxhlet extraction (SE), and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) were applied on plant material. Comparison of the phytochemical contents, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties were performed. The most abundant sesquiterpene in the extracts was anthecotuloide, while the most present phenolics were caffeoyl quinic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives. UAE extract was the most efficient in the extraction of sesquiterpenoids and polyphenols. Considering the assays on antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition, ASE extract showed highest phenolic content (62.92 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract). Likewise, this extract showed highest radical scavenging (103.44 mg trolox equivalent [TE]/g extract and 155.70 mg TE/g extract, for DPPH and ABTS assays respectively) and reducing power potential (435.32 and 317.89 mg TE/g extract, for CUPRAC and FRAP assays, respectively). The different extracts showed similar results in the enzyme inhibition assays suggesting that the extraction methods used have no effect on observed enzyme activities. Novelty of our findings are the inhibitory action of the ethanol extract of A. cotula aerial parts on key enzymes associated with Alzheimer's disease (acetyl cholinesterase, butyryl cholinesterase), type 2 diabetes (alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase), and skin hyperpigmentation disorders (tyrosinase). Data collected from the present work further appraises the multiple potential biological properties of stinking chamomile suggesting the need for further investigation on its constituents. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Metabolomic profile of Salvia viridis L. root extracts using HPLC-MS/MS technique and their pharmacological properties: A comparative study
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019) Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Fawzi; Picot-Allain, Carene; Diuzheva, Alina; Jeko, Jozsef; Cziaky, Zoltan; Cvetanovic, Aleksandra; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Zeković, Zoran; Rengasamy, Kannan R.R.
    Several Salvia species have received due scientific attention regarding their therapeutic virtues, yet little is known about the pharmacological potential of Salvia viridis L. roots. This study, therefore, attempts to explore the phytochemical composition, enzyme inhibitory potential, and antioxidant activities of S. viridis ethanolic root extracts obtained by different extraction methods, namely microwave-assisted extraction, maceration, supercritical fluid extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasonic assisted extraction. The extract produced by ultrasonic assisted extraction possessed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents (111.41 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 23.46 mg rutin equivalent/g extract). S. viridis ethanolic root extract obtained by ultrasonic assisted extraction showed highest radical scavenging (240.00 and 302.85 mg Trolox equivalent TE/g for DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) assays, respectively) and reducing (970.74, 704.27 mg TE/g, and 2.84 mmol TE/g for CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and phosphomolybdenum assays, respectively) activities. Chemical profiles of these extracts were investigated by HPLC MS/MS, and the profiles (23 components) of the supercritical fluid extract was different from other extraction techniques. The study reports for the first time, the inhibitory action of ethanolic root extract of S. viridis on key enzymes related to Alzheimer's disease (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase), diabetes (a-amylase, a-glucosidase), and skin hyperpigmentation disorders (tyrosinase). Data generated from this study appraises the multiple biological activities of plants belonging to the Salvia genus. Scientific evidence gathered in this study support further investigations which might lead to the development of new pharmaceutical entities for the management of diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and skin hyperpigmentation conditions.