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Öğe Angular photogrammetric analysis of the soft tissue facial profile of Turkish adults(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2009) Malkoc, Siddik; Demir, Abdullah; Uysal, Tancan; Canbuldu, NaciOne of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the evaluation of the patient's soft tissue profile. The aim of this study was to develop angular photogrammetric standards for Class I Anatolian Turkish males and females. A random sample of 100 Turkish individuals (46 males and 54 females; ages 19-25 years) was obtained. The photographic set-up consisted of a tripod that held a 35 mm camera and a primary flash. The camera was used in its manual position and photographic records were taken of the subjects in natural head posture. The photographic records, 35 mm slide format, were digitized and analyzed using the Quick Ceph Image software program for Windows. Twelve measurements were digitally analyzed on each photograph. For statistical evaluation a Student's t-test was performed and the reliability of the method was analyzed. The results were compared with reported norms of facial aesthetics. The nasofrontal (G-N-Prn), nasal (Cm-Sn/N-Prn), vertical nasal (N-Prn/TV), and nasal dorsum (N-Mn-Prn) angles showed statistically insignificant gender differences (P > 0.05). The nasolabial angle (Cm-Sn-Ls) demonstrated large variability. Gender differences were present in the mentolabial (Li-Sm-Pg) and cervicomental (G-Pg/C-Me) angles. The mentolabial angle showed a high method error and large variability. Facial (G-Sn-Pg) and total facial (G-Prn-Pg) convexity angles were similar, while Cm-Sn-Ls angle range was larger compared with other angles. The mean values obtained from this sample can be used for comparison with records of subjects with the same characteristics and following the same photogrammetric technique. Angular photogrammetric profile analysis can provide the orthodontist with a way of determining problems associated with various soft tissue segments of the face.Öğe Comparison of the outcomes of the lower incisor extraction, premolar extraction and non-extraction treatments(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2012) Ileri, Zehra; Basciftci, Faruk Ayhan; Malkoc, Siddik; Ramoglu, Sabri IlhanThe aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of lower incisor extraction and to compare it with premolar extraction and non-extraction treatment. The sample consisted of 60 subjects with Class I malocclusion and moderate crowding. The sample was separated into three groups: extraction of a lower incisor group, extraction of a four first premolar group and a non-extraction group. All groups involved 13 girls and 7 boys with a total of 20 patients. The Peer assessment rating (PAR) index was applied to a patient's pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) dental casts. T1 dental casts were also used for determining Bolton discrepancy. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey HSD tests were used for statistical analysis. For the mean percentage PAR score reduction for each group, there was one significant difference seen between the lower incisor extraction group and the non-extraction group (P = 0.047). For the mean anterior ratios, there were significant differences among premolar extraction group versus non-extraction group (P = 0.042) and non-extraction group versus lower incisor extraction group (P = 0.000). For the mean overall ratios, there were significant differences among the premolar extraction group versus lower incisor extraction group (P = 0.048) and the non-extraction group versus lower incisor extraction group (P = 0.001). Orthodontic treatment without extraction has a better treatment outcome than the four-first premolar extraction and single lower incisor extraction protocols in Class I cases with moderate to severe mandibular anterior crowding.Öğe Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Bioresorbable Fixation Screws on Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Mouse Osteoblasts by Real-Time Cell Analysis(W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2015) Yolcu, Umit; Alan, Hilal; Malkoc, Siddik; Bozkurt, Serife Buket; Hakki, Sema SezginPurpose: To evaluate the effects of bioresorbable fixation screws (BFSs) on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and mouse osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell viability. Materials and Methods: The KLS Martin SonicPins Rx, Synthes RapidSorb Cortex Screws, and Inion CPS Bioabsorbable Fixation System each were incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5 standards. A real-time cell analyzer was used to evaluate cell survival. After seeding 200-mu L cell suspensions in the wells of an E-plate View 96, HGF and MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with the bioactive components released by the bioresorbable materials and monitored every 15 minutes for 96 hours. Statistical significance was determined using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer tests. Results: There were significant differences in the HGF responses to the untreated control conditions and the Synthes (P < .01), Inion (P < .05), and KLS Martin (P < .05) treatments over 48 hours. The Synthes (P < .01) and Inion (P < .01) treatments produced lower HGF cell index values than the untreated control at 72 hours, whereas the KLS Martin treatment did not. When left to elute for 96 hours, there were no significant differences in values among the control and study groups for HGFs (P > .05). All tested BFSs decreased cell survival rates of M3T3C1 cells for 48 hours (P < .01), 72 hours (P < .001), and 96 hours (P < .001). Conclusion: Differences in the sensitivities of the 2 tested cell lines to the different BFSs might be the result of the different materials used to manufacture the screws. These results provide fundamental knowledge and new insights for the future design and development of new biocompatible BFSs for oral and maxillofacial surgery. (C) 2015 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeonsÖğe Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex inhibits periodontal tissue loss in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis(DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD, 2016) Dundar, Serkan; Eltas, Abubekir; Hakki, Ema S.; Malkoc, Siddik; Uslu, M. Ozay; Tuzcu, Mehmet; Komorowski, JamesThe purpose of this study was to induce experimental periodontitis in rats previously fed diets containing arginine silicate inositol (ASI) complex and examine the biochemical, immunological, and radiological effects. Fifty two 8-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups. The control group included those fed a standard rat diet with no operation performed during the experiment. The periodontitis, ASI I, and ASI II groups were subjected to experimental periodontitis induction for 11 days after being fed a standard rat diet alone, a diet containing 1.81 g/kg ASI complex, or a diet containing 3.62 g/kg ASI complex, respectively, for 8 weeks. Throughout the 11-day duration of periodontitis induction, all rats were fed standard feed. The rats were euthanized on the eleventh day, and their tissue and blood samples were collected. In the periodontitis group, elevated tissue destruction parameters and reduced tissue formation parameters were found, as compared to the ASI groups. Levels of enzymes, cytokines, and mediators associated with periodontal tissue destruction were lower in rats fed a diet containing ASI complex after experimental periodontitis. These results indicate that ASI complex could be an alternative agent for host modulation.Öğe Dietary boron does not affect tooth strength, micro-hardness, and density, but affects tooth mineral composition and alveolar bone mineral density in rabbits fed a high-energy diet(ELSEVIER GMBH, 2015) Hakki, Sema S.; Malkoc, Siddik; Dundar, Niyazi; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Baspinar, NuriThe objective of this study was to determine whether dietary boron (B) affects the strength, density and mineral composition of teeth and mineral density of alveolar bone in rabbits with apparent obesity induced by a high-energy diet. Sixty female, 8-month-old, New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned for 7 months into five groups as follows: (1) control 1, fed alfalfa hay only (5.91 MJ/kg and 57.5 mg B/kg); (2) control 2, high energy diet (11.76 MJ and 3.88 mg B/kg); (3) B10, high energy diet + 10 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h; (4) B30, high energy diet + 30 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h; (5) B50, high energy diet + 50 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h. Maxillary incisor teeth of the rabbits were evaluated for compression strength, mineral composition, and micro-hardness. Enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue were examined histologically. Mineral densities of the incisor teeth and surrounding alveolar bone were determined by using micro-CT. When compared to controls, the different boron treatments did not significantly affect compression strength, and micro-hardness of the teeth, although the B content of teeth increased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to control 1, B50 teeth had decreased phosphorus (P) concentrations. Histological examination revealed that teeth structure (shape and thickness of the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp) was similar in the B-treated and control rabbits. Micro CT evaluation revealed greater alveolar bone mineral density in B10 and B30 groups than in controls. Alveolar bone density of the B50 group was not different than the controls. Although the B treatments did not affect teeth structure, strength, mineral density and micro-hardness, increasing B intake altered the mineral composition of teeth, and, in moderate amounts, had beneficial effects on surrounding alveolar bone. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of contemporary orthodontic composites on tooth color following short-term fixed orthodontic treatment: a controlled clinical study(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2015) Corekci, Bayram; Toy, Ebubekir; Ozturk, Firat; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, BoraBackground/aim: To determine the color alterations of natural teeth associated with different orthodontic composites used in comprehensive short-term treatment. Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients were treated with fixed appliances and 22 untreated subjects were also evaluated. Lower incisors were bonded with different orthodontic composites: 42 with Grengloo, 41 with Light Bond, 31 with Kurasper F, and 32 with Transbond XT. The color parameters of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) were measured for each tooth with a spectrophotometer. Color assessment in relation to time, adhesive material, and their interaction was made with 2-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVA for the color differences (Delta E*). Further analyses were done using Tukey's honestly significant difference tests and paired-samples t-tests. Results: The color of teeth was affected by treatment. The mean L* and a* values increased, whereas the mean b* values decreased. Total color differences of teeth demonstrated visible color changes clinically after treatment, ranging from 1.12 to 3.34 Delta E units. However, there were no significant differences for color of enamel. Conclusion: Teeth may be discolored with fixed appliances during treatment. Moreover, contemporary orthodontic composites have similar effects of enamel discoloration.Öğe Influence of different tooth types on the bond strength of two orthodontic adhesive systems(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2008) Oeztuerk, Bora; Malkoc, Siddik; Koyutuerk, Alp Erdin; Catalbas, Buelent; Oezer, FuesunThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of different tooth types on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two orthodontic resin adhesive systems in vitro. Two hundred extracted sound human teeth were used in the study. Ten teeth of each tooth type were the mounted in acrylic resin leaving the buccal surface of the crowns parallel to the base of the moulds. In each experimental group, the adhesives (Transbond XT (TM) and Light Bond (TM)) were applied to the etched enamel surfaces. The orthodontic composite resins were then applied to the surface in cylindrical-shaped plastic matrices. For SBS testing, a force transducer (Ultradent (TM)) was applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute at the interface between the tooth and composite until failure occurred. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA, a Bonferroni adjusted Mann-Whitney U-test, and an independent t-test. Generally, it was found that tooth type had a significant effect on SBS (P < 0.05) with Light Bond (TM) showing a higher SBS than Transbond XT (TM) (P < 0.05). The highest bond strengths were observed for the upper central incisor and lower molars with Light Bond (TM) (P < 0.05) and the lowest mean bond strengths for the upper molars and lower canine with Transbond XT (TM) (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that enamel SBS was significantly altered by both tooth type and adhesive system. Thus, the findings of this study confirm that enamel bond strength is not uniform for all teeth. These results may also explain the variability in the enamel-bonding efficacy of adhesives.Öğe Long-term effects of symphyseal distraction and rapid maxillary expansion on pharyngeal airway dimensions, tongue, and hyoid position(MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2007) Malkoc, Siddik; Uesuemez, Serdar; iseri, HalukIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO) followed by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the pharyngeal and nasal airway dimensions and the tongue and hyoid positions. Methods: The material consisted of lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs of 13 female and 7 male patients (mean age, 20.0 +/- 2.3 years). Records were taken before treatment, after distraction (11.4 +/- 2.2 days after surgery), after RME (94.9 +/- 5.8 days after surgery), and at follow-up appointments (24.1 +/- 4.2 months after surgery). MSDO was performed with a custom-made tooth-and-bone-borne device. RME was performed with an acrylic bonded device. The average amounts of mandibular and maxillary expansion were 8.1 +/- 1.7 and 5.9 +/- 1.0 mm, respectively. Results: Posteroanterior cephalometric analysis showed significant transversal width increases between the mandibular canines and molars. No significant pharyngeal or transverse nasal airway changes occurred with MSDO except for a significant decrease in tongue length. However, MSDO followed by RME caused statistically significant but clinically small changes in oropharyngeal width (+1.0 mm), tongue length (-2.2 mm), vertical airway length (-2.3 mm), and vertical position of the hyoid bone (-1.4 mm), which were all stable at the 2-year follow-up. Conclusions: The results suggest that MSDO alone or MSDO followed by RME does not significantly affect the pharyngeal airway dimensions or the hyoid position in adults. Any changes caused by these procedures might have been counteracted by the reflex mechanisms that protect airway potency.Öğe Maxillary and mandibular mesiodistal tooth sizes among different malocclusions in a sample of the Turkish population(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2011) Malkoc, Siddik; Basciftci, Faruk Ayhan; Nur, Metin; Catalbas, BulentThe purpose of this study was to establish normative data for mesiodistal tooth crown dimensions with respect to malocclusions and gender differences in Turkish sample. The subjects were randomly selected and assigned to three malocclusion groups according to Angle's classification. Each group consisted of 100 individuals between the ages of 13 and 18 years with the following distribution: Class I, 42 males and 58 females; Class II, 52 males and 48 females; and Class III, 51 males and 49 females. An electronic digital calliper was used to measure the mesiodistal tooth width from the right second permanent molar to the left second permanent molar on both upper and lower study casts. For statistical evaluation, one-and two-way analyses of variance and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) tests were performed. There were statistically significant differences for the maxillary canine (P < 0.001), first premolar (P < 0.05), second molar (P < 0.05), and mandibular canine (P < 0.01) for males, and for all maxillary teeth and the mandibular central (P < 0.05), canine (P < 0.001), and first premolar (P < 0.05) teeth in females among the malocclusion groups. When Angle's classification was evaluated, significant differences were determined, except for the first and second mandibular molars. All mesiodistal widths were also found to be statistically different according to gender dimorphism. A significant relationship was found between mesiodistal tooth size, Angle's classification, and gender. Therefore, tooth dimensions may play a crucial role in treatment planning and in achieving satisfactory interdigitation of the upper and lower dentition following the completion of orthodontic treatment.Öğe Microcomputed tomography evaluation of white spot lesion remineralization with various procedures(MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2016) Kucuk, Eyup Burak; Malkoc, Siddik; Demir, AbdullahIntroduction: The aim of this study was to use microcomputed tomography to evaluate the effects on white spot lesions of 3 remineralizing agents compared with artificial saliva (Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey). The agents were GC Tooth Mousse (GC International, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan), 50-ppm sodium fluoride solution (Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey), and Clinpro 5000 (3M ESPE Dental Products (St Paul, Minn). The experimental and control teeth were stored in artificial saliva. Methods: Forty-four extracted premolars were divided into 4 groups of 11 teeth each (3 experimental groups and 1 control group). After white spot lesions were created on the teeth, a remineralizing agent was applied. Microcomputed tomography scanning was performed at the following times: T0 (sound enamel), T1 (day 0, when the white spot lesion was formed), T2 (day 15), and T3 (day 30). Volume, depth, surface area, and mineral density changes of the white spot lesions were evaluated at different time points using CTAn software (SkyScan; Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). Results: GC Tooth Mousse and Clinpro 5000 improved all measurements after 30 days. However, Clinpro 5000 was not as effective in reducing lesion depth as it was in the other parameters. The artificial saliva group and the 50-ppm sodium fluoride solution did not show significant effects in the regression of the white spot lesions at the end of the 30-day experiment. Conclusions: GC Tooth Mousse and Clinpro 5000 were more effective in remineralization of white spot lesions than sodium fluoride solution and artificial saliva. They can be preferred for use clinically. Microcomputed tomography is a novel and effective method that shows promise in accurately evaluating white spot lesions and remineralization.Öğe Modification of Maxillary Sinus Floor With Orthodontic Treatment and Implant Therapy: A Case Letter(ALLEN PRESS INC, 2014) Saglam, Mehmet; Akman, Serhan; Malkoc, Siddik; Hakki, Sema S.[Abstract not Available]Öğe Polymerization capacity of orthodontic composites analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2011) Corekci, Bayram; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, Bora; Gunduz, Beniz; Toy, EbubekirIntroduction: The aim of this in-vitro study was to analyze the polymerization capacity of 5 orthodontic composites by determining the degree of monomer conversion (DC). Methods: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC of the orthodontic composites immediately after polymerization and after storage in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C for 30 days. The resin-based adhesive composites investigated were Bisco Ortho (Bisco, Schaumburg, III), Heliosit Orthodontics (Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Kurasper F (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan), Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, III), and Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), cured with Elipar FreeLight 2 (3M ESPE, St Paul, Minn) for the testing of the DC values. Fifty cylindrical specimens were manufactured in molds. The data were analyzed by 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test. Results: According to 2-way ANOVA, the DC was significantly influenced by composite type (P < 0.05); after 30 days, there were no differences among the composite types for the DC. The interaction of orthodontic composites and time played a statistically significant role in the DC (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant influence of time for the DC (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The DC was found to change according to composite materials used, and Bisco Ortho showed the most DC performance. The DC of orthodontic composites is a complex process that is affected not only by inorganic filler content of the composite but also the monomer type and many other factors. Sufficient DC values of 5 commercially available orthodontic composites can be achieved with a new-generation light-emitting diode curing light. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:e299-e304)Öğe Real-time cell analysis of the cytotoxicity of orthodontic brackets on gingival fibroblasts(WICHTIG EDITORE, 2014) Toy, Ebubekir; Malkoc, Siddik; Corekci, Bayram; Bozkurt, Buket S.; Hakki, Sema S.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of 6 different orthodontic bracket types on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) using the xCELLigence system. Methods: The orthodontic brackets used in this study were gold-plated steel (Apollo Gold), titanium (Rematitan), stainless steel (Equilibrium 2), lucid ice (Inspire ICE), metal-reinforced ceramic (Clarity) and composite (OrthoFlex). Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from human gingival connective tissue of systemically healthy individuals. Tested brackets were incubated in DMEM culture medium for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5 standards. Gingival fibroblasts were maintained with Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The xCELLigence system was used to evaluate cell survival. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests. Results: When the data were evaluated in the 30th hour, Apollo Gold showed significant decreases in cell index (P<0.001). It also showed statistically significant decreases (P<0.001) in the 65th hour, but Clarity and Inspire ICE showed significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001, P<0.01). In the 114th hour, Clarity and Equilibrium 2 showed statistically significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001). Inspire ICE and Rematitan demonstrated significant increases (P<0.05). There were significant decreases in cell index of Apollo Gold (P<0.001). Conclusions: The tested brackets are suitable for clinical application, but further studies using different test methods are needed for gold-plated brackets.Öğe Real-time cell analysis of the cytotoxicity of orthodontic mini-implants on human gingival fibroblasts and mouse osteoblasts(MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2012) Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, Firat; Corekci, Bayram; Bozkurt, Buket S.; Hakki, Sema S.Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of orthodontic mini-implants on gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Methods: The orthodontic mini-implants used in this study were Orthodontic Mini Implant (Leone, Florence, Italy), MTN (MTN, Istanbul, Turkey), AbsoAnchor (Dentos, Daegu, South Korea), IMTEC Ortho (3M Unitek, IMTEC, Ardmore, Okla), VectorTAS (Ormco, Glendora, Calif). The materials were incubated in Dulbecco's modified eagle's culture medium for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5 standards (surface area-to-volume ratio of the specimen to cell-culture medium, 3 cm(2)/mL). A real-time cell analyzer (xCELLigence, Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany; ACEA Biosciences, San Diego, Calif) was used to evaluate cell survival. After seeding 200 mu L of the cell suspensions into the wells of the E-plate 96, gingival fibroblasts were treated with bioactive components released by the metallic materials and monitored every 15 minutes for 190 hours. For the proliferation experiments, the statistical analyses used were 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons tests. Results: There was no significant differences between the human gingival fibroblast cell indexes of the control and study groups (P>0.05). When evaluated at 27 and 96 hours, only the VectorTAS mini-implants showed statistically significant decreases in the M3T3 cell index (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. No significant differences were found among the control and all study groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, the Leone and MTN mini-implants showed statistically significant decreases (P < 0.001) at 190 hours. Also, the VectorTAS mini-implants demonstrated a significant decline (P < 0.05) at the same time in the M3T3 cell index. Conclusions: These findings provide fundamental knowledge and new insights for future design and development of new biocompatible titanium alloys for orthodontic mini-implants and temporary anchorage devices. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:419-26)Öğe Treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions with CPP-ACP paste: A three year follow up study(JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES, 2017) Karabekiroolu, Said; Unlu, Nimet; Kucukyilmaz, Ebru; Sener, Sevgi; Botsali, Murat Selim; Malkoc, SiddikTo determine the efficacy of topical applications of 10% casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste in reverting white spot lesions (WSLs) after fixed orthodontic treatment. Forty one participants were randomly assigned to either the test group (CPP-ACP) or the control group (only fluoride toothpaste). All patients used regular fluoride-containing toothpaste. CPP-ACP paste or fluoridated toothpaste was applied on to tooth surfaces with WSLs twice a day during 36-month after de-bonding. The labial/buccal surfaces of teeth were assessed by use of DIAGNOdent pen (DD), Gorelick Index and ICDAS II criteria at baseline (T1) and 36-month (T2) follow-up visits. The total counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were obtained at T1 and T2. DMFT, DMFS, stimulated flow rate and buffer capacity were calculated in two appointments. Daily usage of CPP-ACP paste was not better than normal care for improving the appearance of WSLs after 36 months.
