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    Effects of compost and biochar applications on soil properties of a sandy soil and corn plant growth
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019) Manirakiza, Noel; Şeker, Cevdet
    In this study, soil samples taken at 0-20 cm depth from Karapınar Erosion Prevention Station which was affected by wind erosion were used. The main characteristics of the soils of this area are high sand and lime contents, low organic matter contents, weak structure development, low water storage capacity and thus open to drought effect. In addition, since this region is under the influence of arid and semi-arid climate, the weakness of the physical properties of its soils as well as insufficient chemical and biological properties, biomass production is limited, and it becomes vulnerable to wind erosion. For this reason; the effects of different doses of compost and biochar obtained from pruning residues of Elaeagnus trees, which are widely grown in this area on soil quality characteristics and development of corn plant were determined in incubation and pot experiment. In this context, soil samples were mixed with compost and biochar at 0, 1, 2 and 4% by weight basis throughout incubation trial, and were entitled to be incubated for two months at field capacity moisture content (29g 100g-1). At the end of the incubation, the effects of the applications on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the targeted soil were determined. In addition, the effects of the applications on the growth characteristics of the corn plant were investigated by cultivating the corn plant in the soil samples taken after the incubation. At the end of incubation, compost and biochar applications decreased particle density (Pk), bulk density (Pb) and air-filled porosity (AFP) values compared to control, while porosity (P), field capacity (FC), plant available water content (PAW), aggregate stability (AS), mean weight diameter (MWD), extractable K, available Mn, available phosphorus (AP), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), NH4-N, NO3-N, C / N ratio and soil respiration (SMR) values significantly increased. The effects of applications on other soil features varied. When compared with the control, the effects of the applications on the plant height and abovegrown plant biomass yield of the corn plant grown in greenhouse conditions were significant. Compost applications significantly increased the SPAD value of the corn plant, total nitrogen, K, Ca, Mg and Zn contents, while the biochar applications only increased SPAD values, Mg and Fe contents and decreased Cu content.
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    EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL AGGREGATING AGENTS ON SOIL STRUCTURAL FORMATION AND PROPERTIES - A REVIEW PAPER
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2018) Manirakiza, Noel; Seker, Cevdet
    The structural characteristics of soils are the leading soil quality factors which exert a significant influence on sustainable agricultural land uses and yields. This review paper collates and summarizes all necessary information relating to the processes of soil structural formation, artificial and natural aggregating agents as well as their effects on soil structural formation and its dynamic property improvement. Soil aggregation is a core process involving in soil structural development, and artificial and natural aggregating agents synergistically interact to determine soil aggregation. The rearrangement followed by flocculating and cementing of soil particles result in forming aggregates of different manners and sizes. Aggregating agents, which encompass organic matter (OM), biotic factors including plant roots and soil microorganisms, clay minerals, sesquioxides, lime and dolomite materials, considerably contribute to soil aggregates formation dubbed 'soil aggregation' through the drawing of soil primary particles together into aggregates of different manners and sizes. These aggregating agents significantly involve in soil aggregation and aggregates stability through the improving of soil porosity, hydraulic properties, water retention and other soil physical properties associated with aggregates. Organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, mucilage (like polygalacturonic acid), glomalin, cations like (Si4+, Fe3+, Al+3 and Ca2+), all of which emanate from aggregating agents significantly help bind soil particles together into macro aggregates during aggregation.