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Öğe 8-Isoprostane and Coenzyme Q10 Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome(MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2016) Ercan, Humeyra; Kiyici, Aysel; Marakoglu, Kamile; Oncel, MufideBackground: Metabolic syndrome has become an important health problem, which involves obesity, hyper-lipidemia, insulin resistance, and high blood pressure values. The components of metabolic syndrome are all suggested as independent cardiovascular disease risk factors along with high mortality and morbidity rates accompanied by many organ and system complications. Objective: We aimed to determine 8-isoprostane (8-IsoP) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels in patients with metabolic syndrome and healthy individuals and demonstrate whether there was any relation between these parameters and metabolic syndrome criteria. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients (10 male, 20 female) with metabolic syndrome and 20 age-matched healthy individuals (9 male, 11 female) were involved in the study. Body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, HbA1c, 8-IsoP and CoQ10 levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance indexes of all participants were determined. Results: 8-IsoP levels were significantly increased in metabolic syndrome compared to healthy individuals (P = 0.003), however, there was no significant difference between groups for CoQ10 levels. 8-IsoP levels were positively correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.303, P=0.032), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.337, P = 0.017), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.329, P = 0.020) values and total cholesterol levels (r = 0.354, P=0.012). Conclusion: We can suggest that the levels of 8-IsoP, which is an indicator of the oxidative stress, increase in metabolic syndrome and this can be associated with high blood pressure and visceral adiposity, which are the components of metabolic syndrome.Öğe Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy(INT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, INC, 2014) Avci, Ahmet; Demir, Kenan; Kaya, Zeynettin; Marakoglu, Kamile; Ceylan, Esra; Ekmekci, Ahmet Hakan; Yilmaz, AhmetBackground: We investigated the relationship between peripheral neuropathy and parameters of arterial stiffness and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Material/Methods: The study included 161 patients (80 females and 81 males), 69 of whom had peripheral neuropathy. All patients underwent 24-h blood pressure monitoring, and arterial stiffness parameters were measured. The CIMT was measured using B- mode ultrasonography and patients also underwent transthoracic echocardiographic examination. Results: Patients with peripheral neuropathy, compared with those without it, were older (54.68 +/- 8.35 years vs. 51.04 +/- 7.89 years; p= 0.005) and had T2DM for longer periods (60 vs. 36 months; p= 0.004). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values (8.55 +/- 1.85 mg/dL vs. 7.30 +/- 1.51 mg/dL; p<0.001), pulse wave velocity (PWV) (7.74 +/- 1.14 m/s vs. 7.15 +/- 1.10 m/s; p= 0.001), CIMT (anterior 0.74 +/- 0.15 mm vs. 0.67 +/- 0.13 mm; p= 0.01), and left ventricular mass (LVM) index (98.68 +/- 26.28 g/m(2) vs. 89.71 +/- 19.70 g/m(2); p= 0.02) were all significantly increased in the group with peripheral neuropathy compared to the group without peripheral neuropathy. We determined that duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and LVM index were predictors of peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions: A significant relationship was found between diabetic neuropathy and increased PWV, a parameter of arterial stiffness, as well as CIMT, a marker of systemic atherosclerosis. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy may be a determinant of subclinical atherosclerosis in T2DM.Öğe Assessment of atrial electromechanical delay and P-wave dispersion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(ELSEVIER, 2016) Demir, Kenan; Avci, Ahmet; Kaya, Zeynettin; Marakoglu, Kamile; Ceylan, Esra; Yilmaz, Ahmet; Ersecgin, AhmetObjectives: Diabetes mellitus is an independent and strong risk factor for development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Electrophysiologic and electromechanical abnormalities are associated with a higher risk of AF. In this study we aimed to determine the correlation of atrial conduction abnormalities between the surface electrocardiographic and tissue Doppler echocardiographic measurements in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: A total of 88 consecutive T2DM patients and 49 age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched healthy volunteers were included in the present study. Baseline characteristics were recorded and 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, transthoracic echocardiography, and 12-lead surface electrocardiography were performed for all study participants. Atrial electromechanical delay (EMD) intervals were measured. Results: Maximum P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion (Pd) were significantly higher in patients with T2DM (105.7 +/- 10.2 ms vs. 102.2 +/- 7.5 ms, p = 0.02; 40.6 +/- 7.6 ms vs. 33.6 +/- 5.9 ms, p < 0.001, respectively). Interatrial, intraatrial, and intraleft atrial EMD were significantly higher in the T2DM patients when compared with the controls (16.5 +/- 7.8 ms vs.11.2 +/- 4.4 ms, p < 0.001; 9.0 +/- 7.3 ms vs. 6.0 +/- 3.8 ms, p = 0.002, and 7.4 +/- 5.2 ms vs. 5.1 +/- 3.2 ms, p = 0.002 respectively). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between interatrial EMD and Pd (r = 0.429, p < 0.001) and left atrial volume (r = 0.428,p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, there was significant EMD and Pd in patients with T2DM as compared with healthy volunteers. Additionally, interatrial EMD was correlated with Pd and left atrial volume index. (C) 2015 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Assessment of effects of pre- and post-training programme for healthcare professionals about breastfeeding(I C D D R B-CENTRE HEALTH POPULATION RESEARCH, 2007) Kutlu, Ruhusen; Kara, Fatih; Durduran, Yasemin; Marakoglu, Kamile; Civi, SelmaThis retrospective study assessed the effects of pre- and post-training programme for healthcare professionals about breastfeeding. The study included 3,114 mothers who had children aged 1-72 month(s). Their knowledge and behaviours relating to breastfeeding were evaluated. The mothers were randomly divided into two groups: the 'before' group included 2,000 women who were not informed about breastfeeding, and the 'after' group comprised 1,114 women who had been informed about breastfeeding. 56.2% and 66.1% of the mothers started breastfeeding within 30 minutes after delivery, respectively, in the before and the after group (chi(2)=29.31, p<0.001). 16.7% and 36.5% gave exclusive breastfeeding for six months (chi(2) =72.85, p<0.001), and 28.5% and 23.7% stopped breastfeeding within the first five months (chi(2)=17.20, p=0.002). Ninety-four percent delivered in a hospital or in a primary healthcare centre. Therefore, prenatal and postnatal breastfeeding education and support courses may improve a woman's chance of starting and continuing to breastfeed her baby. In terms of the number of antenatal check-ups, since the differences between the two groups were significant (chi(2)=390.67, p=0.000), the importance of the training programme about breastfeeding was highlighted. Follow-up interventions after training are suggested.Öğe COMPARISON OF BONE TURNOVER MARKERS BETWEEN MALE SMOKER AND NON-SMOKER(CARBONE EDITORE, 2016) Kargin, Nisa Cetin; Marakoglu, Kamile; Unlu, Ali; Kebapcilar, Levent; Korucu, Emine NedimeIntroduction: Osteoporosis is the most frequently seen metabolic bone disease. Smoking has long been defined as a changeable risk factor in life style for both bone loss and fractures. This study is aimed to compare of the bone turnover markers between smoker and non-smoker male. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, 85 smoker males were allocated to the case group, while 85 non-smoker males were allocated to the control group. Osteocalcin (OC) and osteoprotogerin (OPG) analyzed among bone formation parameters, while RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) and CTX (C-terminal telopeptide) were studied among the bone destruction parameters alongside with TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone), Ca (Calcium), P (Phosphorus), PTH (Parathyroid Hormone), ALP(Alkaline Phosphatase), TT (Total Testosterone), and vitamin D parameters that affect bone mineral density. Results: It was found that the smoker group's CTX level (50.30+/-26.97 ng/ml) was statistically significant lower than that of the non-smoker group (65.10+/-42.41 ng/ml. (p=0.007) The average serum PTH level of the smoker and non-smoker groups were 23.75+/-9.88 pg/ml and 31.35+/-13.15 pg/ml respectively and the related average of the non-smoker group was statistically higher than that of the smoker group (p=0.000). It was found that the smoker group's vitamin D (16.75+/-8.73 ng/ml) was statistically significant lower than that of the non-smoker group (19.50+/-8.97 ng/ml (p=0.044). Conclusions: The study supports the fact that one of the risk factors for osteoporosis is smoking and it negatively affects bone formation as well. It should be noted that osteoporosis is a significant health issue not only for older men but also for middle-aged male smokers and the necessary support for smoking cessation should be offered.Öğe Depression in pregnancy: Review(ORTADOGU AD PRES & PUBL CO, 2008) Marakoglu, Kamile; Sahsivar, M. SulePregnancy is usually a satisfactory period that is experienced by most women in reproductive age. But the thought of "pregnancy is a protective and comfortable period for women" is not accepted in recent years. Depression in pregnancy is a mood disorder that effects maternal and fetal health and is encountered frequently. Studies report the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in pregnancy as 5-51%. The risk factors for depression in pregnancy are abortion frequency in gynecological history, feeling ambivalence regarding abortion and pregnancy, personal and family history of depression, being young and multiparous, unwanted pregnancy,deficiency of social support, and having marital and concomitant medical problems. Depression constitutes an important health problem for individuals and the society because of its high prevalence, chronicity, relapsing nature, and its contribution to loss of workforce, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and the risk of suicide. Early diagnosis and treatment of depression in pregnancy is critical for the mother and the baby. The decision for treatment should be made by evaluating the risks and benefits. In this review, we aimed to discuss the definition and treatment, potential perinatal risks and risk factors related to recurrence of depression during pregnancy.Öğe Evaluation of Netrin-1 Levels and Albuminuria in Patients With Diabetes(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2016) Ay, Emre; Marakoglu, Kamile; Kizmaz, Muhammet; Unlu, AliBackgroundNetrin-1 is a diagnostic biomarker that has been identified recently for chronic renal failure (CRF) in animal experiments. Netrin-1 levels in urine have been shown to have increased significantly at the acute kidney damage. Human studies on the relation between the CRF and plasma netrin-1 levels have not been found in the literature. This study aimed to investigate whether plasma netrin-1 levels increased in the early stages of the CRF in diabetic patients. MethodsPlasma samples from healthy volunteers and diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria were collected after receiving consent. Netrin-1 in plasma was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the data were analyzed to determine whether plasma netrin-1 correlates significantly with disease progression. ResultPlasma netrin-1 level in microalbuminuric diabetic patients was significantly higher than in normoalbuminuric diabetic patients and the control group. However, no significant difference between normoalbuminuric patients and control group was determined. Plasma netrin-1 level was significantly associated with albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate, independently of age and sex. ConclusionThis study supports that plasma netrin-1 level increases significantly when glomerular damage occurs in diabetic nephropathy.Öğe Evaluation of pharmacologic therapies accompanied by behavioural therapy on smoking cessation success: a prospective cohort study in Turkey(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017) Marakoglu, Kamile; Kargin, Nisa Cetin; Ucar, Rahime Merve; Kizmaz, MuhammetOBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to compare the rate of smoking cessation in the first month, third month, sixth month, first-year, and second year among those who quit smoking following different pharmacological and behavioural therapies administered at the Selcuk University's Smoking Cessation Clinic in Turkey. METHODS: In this study, 3322 people who presented to the clinic in order to quit smoking were advised one of the most suitable medical treatments (varenicline, bupropion, NRT) accompanied by behaviour therapy after their health queries and examinations were made and Fagerstrom scores were evaluated. Smoking cessation patients were followed up clinically and by making calls after smoking cessation. RESULTS: The smoking cessation success rate in the cases using varenicline in the first month was 63.5% (766/1206), in the third month 46.8% (548/1170), in the sixth month 32.1% (386/1201), first year 25.6% (298/1163), and 19.9% (211/1059) in the second year. The success rate in the cases using bupropion in the first month was 49.9% (559/1120), in the third month 35.6% (405/1138), in the sixth month 26.4% (319/1210), first year 21.9% (261/1192), and 16.0% (133/832) in the second year. The success rate in the cases using NRT was 53.2% (25/47) in the first-month, 24.3% (9/37) in the third-month, and 27.3% (6/22) in the sixth-month assessments. The rates of smoking cessation in the cases using varenicline and behavioural therapy in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th month were significantly higher compared to the cases using bupropion and behavioural therapy (p =.000, p =.000, p =.008, p =.034, and p =.028; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It has been observed in this study that varenicline as a smoking cessation drug is better tolerated than other medications and it seems to be more effective.Öğe Evaluation of Smoking Among Pregnant Women in a Central Anatolian City of Turkey: Comparison with Other Countries(ORTADOGU AD PRES & PUBL CO, 2011) Marakoglu, Kamile; Erdem, DuyguObjective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of smoking and perinatal outcomes of maternal smoking during pregnancy in a hospital-based study. Material and Methods: All cases recruited to the study were asked to respond to a series of questions in a face-to-face interview on the first day after delivery. Of the 830 subjects, 600 completed the questionnaire to determine the sociodemograpic features and smoking status. Babies were weighed by the researchers. Abortions, stillbirth, premature delivery, low birth weight, placental abruption, placenta previa, eclampsia, premature ruptures of the membrane were determined. Results: The mean age was 28.4 +/- 5.81 years. The rate of women who smoked at any time of their pregnancy was 7.3% (n=44). Compared to the babies born to mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy, babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy were 128.68 g lighter. When the findings of smoking mothers were compared to never smoking mothers, the rates of abortion (38.6% versus 29.3%), stillbirth (4.5%-2.7%), premature delivery (31.8%-19.1%), low birth weight (22.7%-18.2%), placental abruption (2.3%-1.6%), and preeclampsia (9.1%-8.6%) were higher (p>0.05). The rate of premature rupture of the membranes among smoker pregnant women was found significantly higher compared to never smokers (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to our findings, it is clear that smoking during pregnancy had adverse perinatal outcomes. Pregnant smokers should be encouraged to quit smoking. Counselling should be given by healthcare professionals at all times. In addition, the partners who smoke should be informed of the risks as well.Öğe Evaluation of the levels of oxidative stress factors and ischemia modified albumin in the cord blood of smoker and non-smoker pregnant women(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2012) Sahinli, Ayla Songul; Marakoglu, Kamile; Kiyici, AyselObjective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the oxidant and antioxidant status and a novel ischemia marker - ischemia modified albumin - in the cord blood of smoker and non-smoker pregnants. Methods: This study was performed on 30 smoker and 60 non-smoker pregnant women. Malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A and E, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) were determined in the cord blood of the contributors. Results: In the cord blood of the smoker women compared to the non-smokers; MDA (mu mol/L) levels increased (5.17 +/- 0.25, 3.60 +/- 0.06, p = 0.000), IMA (ABSU) levels increased (0.913 +/- 0.02, 0.830 +/- 0.01, p = 0.050), SOD (U/ml) activities decreased (8.22 +/- 0.14, 8.63 +/- 0.14, p = 0.045), Vit A (mu g/L) (339.06 +/- 17.52, 454.91 +/- 16.56, p = 0.000) and Vit E (mg/L) levels decreased (2.8 +/- 0.15, 7.58 +/- 0.38, p = 0.000) and TAC (Mm Trolox) levels decreased (3.25 +/- 0.15, 4.08 +/- 0.09, p = 0.000), and these differences were statistically significant. We found moderate and strong positive correlations between smoking status and IMA (r = 0.325, p = 0.002) and smoking status and MDA levels (r = 0.636, p = 0.000). Smoking status presented weak, moderate and strong negative correlations with SOD activities, TAC, Vit A and Vit E levels, respectively (r = -0.237, p = 0.024), (r = -0.420, p = 0.000), (r = -0.443, p=0.000), (r = -0.795, p = 0.000). Conclusion: It was determined that smoking cigarette during gestation disturbed the balance between the oxidant and antioxidant system and caused oxidative stress. Increased IMA levels in cord blood of smoker pregnants suggests that smoking during pregnancy causes fetal ischemia.Öğe Examining preeclampsia and eclampsia with two cases in family medicine: Medical education(ORTADOGU AD PRES & PUBL CO, 2008) Civi, Selma; Marakoglu, Kamile; Sahsivar, SuleFamily medicine is a discipline that provides continual preventative, therapeutic and rehabilitative healthcare services for individuals and their families regardless of age, gender, disease and involved organ. During the reproductive ages, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (preeclampsia and eclampsia) that are major causes of morbidity and mortality for mothers and infants are also considered complications of pregnancy in the practice of family medicine. A total of 585.000 women throughout the world and 700 women in our country die annually due to complications of pregnancy, birth and postpartum period. In our country, the ratio of maternal mortality was 4.8% among all mortality of women and maternal mortality rate was 46.7 per 100.000 live births in 1998. Among the causes of maternal mortality in our country, the hypertensive diseases of pregnancy rank second. Two cases with preeclampsia and eclampsia that were treated successfully by the research assistants of Selcuk University Meram Medical Faculty during their training in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics were examined in this article.Öğe Periodontitis as a risk factor for preterm low birth weight(YONSEI UNIV COLLEGE MEDICINE, 2008) Marakoglu, Ismail; Gursoy, Ulvi Kahraman; Marakoglu, Kamile; Cakmak, Hulya; Ataoglu, TamerPurpose: There is growing evidence showing that a number of complex human diseases are caused or are at least influenced by periodontal diseases. Such diseases include cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. The aim of study was to evaluate periodontal diseases as a risk factor for a preterm low birth weight. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 mothers, 20 of who had a preterm low birth weight delivery, were examined in the Clinics of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University. The periodontal exams consisted of a full mouth pocket depth, a Loe and Sillness Gingival index score measurements, and a panoramic radiograph analysis. Information on any other factors that may cause a preterm low birth weight was obtained from the family physician. Results: The study results indicated that periodontitis (OR: 3.6 95% CI: 1.06 - 12.18) together with bacterial vaginosis (OR: 11.57 95% CI: 1.26 - 105.7) were independent risk factors of a preterm low birth weight. According to the data obtained from this study, the paternal age, tobacco use and the mothers' height were not significant risk factors for a preterm low birth weight. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it is concluded that a poor periodontal health status of the mother may be a potential risk factor for a preterm low birth weight.Öğe Plasma netrin-1 levels significantly increase in smokers(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016) Kizmaz, Muhammet; Marakoglu, Kamile; Kiyici, Aysel; Ay, EmreObjectives: Netrin-1 is a laminin like protein that has recently been suggested to involve in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and treatment targets. The relationship between netrin-1 and atherosclerosis has not been evaluated in a human research previously and the effect of smoking on plasma netrin-1 levels as well. In this study, we aimed to evaluate plasma netrin-1 levels in smokers and non-smokers and the impact of smoking on netrin-1 levels. Our second aim was to evaluate the existence of peripheral artery disease in these groups by means of ankle brachial index (ABI) measurements and the relation between plasma netrin-1 levels and peripheral artery disease. Design and Methods: Smoker and non-smoker male patients were contributed in the study, 112 males in each group. ABI of all patients was determined with an automatic device and plasma netrin-1 levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Netrin-1 levels were compared between smoker and non-smoker cases, and the cases with and without peripheral arterial disease. Results: Plasma netrin-1 levels of smokers (4.54 +/- 2.87 pg/mL) were significantly higher than in non-smokers (3.81 +/- 1.26 pg/mL) (p = 0.015). Similarly, netrin-1 levels of cases with peripheral arterial disease (6.21 +/- 2.16 pg/mL) were significantly higher than the ones without peripheral arterial disease (4.07 +/- 2.16 pg/mL) (p = 0.002). Amount of smoking (packet.year) and ABI were found to be significantly related with netrin-1 levels. The relationship between PAD and netrin-1 levels remained significant after adjusting for smoking status. Conclusion: We can conclude that plasma netrin-1 levels significantly increase in smokers and peripheral artery disease is significantly related with netrin-1 levels after adjusting for smoking status. (C) 2016 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Postpartum Depression: Review(ORTADOGU AD PRES & PUBL CO, 2009) Marakoglu, Kamile; Ozdemir, Saniye; Civi, SelmaAlthough pregnancy and pospartum period are perceived as special and cheerful times by many people, it can also be risky for the mother, who has expectations about holding her baby in her arms, due to its potential for developing psychological disorders. In the postpartum period, parents have to provide care and safety for the baby, maintain good communication, understand their new roles, develop family susceptibility, and cope with their baby's problems. Therefore, mothers are more likely to experience emotional disturbances in the postpartum period compared with other times. Psychiatric disorders of the postpartum period include three diagnostic categories: maternity blues, postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. Postpartum depression is a term used for all depressive disorders developing in the postpartum period. Even though there is no consensus on the etiology of the disorder, psychosocial factors are reported to play a key role as well as hormonal factors. Because depression during postpartum period has adverse outcomes not only for the mother but also for the family, a specific approach is needed. The emotional link between the mother and the baby falls off seriously. Blotting out the signs results in missing the diagnosis of postpartum depression, because many women have feelings of guilt due to having a depressive mood in a period of proposed being happy. Thus, early and efficient treatment interventions and follow-up visits of women in the risk group are important. In this review, the definition, incidence, risk factors, etiology, clinic features, and treatment of postpartum depression were reviewed.Öğe The recurrent aphthous stomatitis frequency in the smoking cessation people(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2007) Marakoglu, Kamile; Sezer, Recep Erol; Toker, Hulya Cakmak; Marakoglu, IsmailThis study was aimed to evaluate the frequency of recurrent aphthous stomatitis ( RAS) within the 6-week period after quitting smoking. The study group consisted of 90 subjects. Oral, medical findings and tobacco habits were recorded for all subjects. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and behavioral treatment were applied to some of the subjects by a family physician. All subjects were evaluated for their RAS and periodontal measurements on baseline, 1, 3, 6 weeks by a periodontist. While the subjects were in this smoking cessation programme, 64 of the 90 smokers successfully quit smoking within the 6 weeks and 26 smokers dropped out during the third week of the study. Point prevalence of RAS among the subjects on the first day of the quitting period and at the end of the first, third and sixth week after smoking cessation was 3.3% (3/ 90), 18.9% (17/ 90), 21.1% (19/ 90) and 17.1 (11/64), respectively. In the following weeks, aphthous ulcer point prevalence was significantly higher than the quitting level ( p < 0.05). As the time after quitting increased, the incidence of aphthous ulcer decreased. Of 64 patients, 35 (54.6%) completed the 6 weeks using NRT and 29 (45.4%) of them did not use any medication. The aphthous ulcer frequency observed in the patients taking NRT [11.4% (4/35)] was lower when compared with the subjects taking no NRT [24.1% (7/29)] ( p > 0.05). The results of this study confirm that RAS is a complication of quitting smoking. Further studies are needed to identify the effects of NRT on RAS.Öğe Smoking as an important factor increasing risk of Helicobacter pylori(AVES, 2008) Marakoglu, Kamile; Eke, Asli Ayan; Civi, Selma[Abstract not Available]Öğe Smoking status and smoke-related gingival melanin pigmentation in army recruitments(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2007) Marakoglu, Kamile; Guersoy, U. Kahraman; Toker, Huelya Cakmak; Demirer, Serhat; Sezer, R. Erol; Marakoglu, IsmailThis study aimed to define the smoking status and smoke-related gingival melanin pigmentation in army recruitments and was conducted with army recruitments in Sivas. Nine hundred eight subjects were examined. The oral and dental health of those subjects was checked and recorded. The smoking status of the subjects was self-reported and recorded on questionnaires by researchers. The chi(2) test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. More than one-half of the subjects (54.3%) were primary school graduates and the mean age was 20.2 +/- 0.95 years. The response rate regarding smoking was 100%. Of the respondents, 596 (65.7%) were current smokers, 12 (1.3%) were former smokers, and 300 (33.0%) were never smokers. The gingival melanin pigmentation rate was 27.5% in current smokers and 8.6% in those who never smoked (p=0.000). Smoking five to nine cigarettes a day appeared to be sufficient to cause gingival melanin pigmentation. The proportion of smokers who had melanin pigmentation did not change after 10 cigarettes a day. A rehabilitation project on smoking prevention and smoking cessation for army recruitments is urgently needed.
