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Öğe Effect of Modification with Various Epoxide Compounds on Mechanical, Thermal, and Coating Properties of Epoxy Resin(HINDAWI LTD, 2016) Cerit, Alaaddin; Marti, Mustafa Esen; Soydal, Ulku; Kocaman, Suheyla; Ahmetli, GulnareEpoxy resin (ER) was modified with four different epoxide compounds, 4,5-epoxy-4-methyl-pentane-2-on (EMP), 3-phenyl-1,2-epoxypropane (PhEP), 1-chloro-2,3-epoxy-5-(chloromethyl)-5-hexene (CEH), and a fatty acid glycidyl ester (FAGE), to improve its chemical and physical properties. The effects of the addition and amount of these modifiers on mechanical, thermal, and coating properties were investigated. Atomic force microscopy was used to observe the changes obtained with the modification. The influence of the modifying agents on the curing process was monitored through FTIR spectroscopy. The curing degrees of ER and modified ERs (M-ERs) were found to be over 91%. The results showed that tensile strength of ER improved till 30% (wt.) with addition of the modifier content. Modification with EMP and PhEP remarkably enhanced the thermal stability of ER to be highly resistant to the corrosive media.Öğe Equilibrium Data on the Reactive Extraction of Picric Acid from Dilute Aqueous Solutions Using Amberlite LA-2 in Ketones(AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2017) Uslu, Hasan; Marti, Mustafa EsenThe present study is on the reactive extraction of picric acid (HPc, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol) from dilute aqueous solutions by organic phases containing Amberlite LA-2 (ALA 2) as extractant dissolved in four types of ketones. The studies were performed at 298, 308, and 318 K, and the results were used to calculate the values of distribution coefficient (KD), loading factor (Z), and degree of extraction (E%). Initial HPc concentration was kept constant at 0.061 mol.kg(-1). The maximum KD was obtained as 60 using methyl ethyl ketone when initial concentrations of PA and ALA-2 were 0.061 and 0.59 mol.kg(-1), respectively. The extraction efficiency was 98.36% under these conditions. Moreover, z-values between 0.09 and 0.27 were obtained in the ranges of parameters studied. Calculated values show that 1:2 picric acid-ALA-2 complex dominates the extraction process.Öğe Equilibrium Study on the Extraction of Levulinic Acid from Aqueous Solution with Aliquat 336 Dissolved in Different Diluents: Solvent's Polarity Effect and Column Design(AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2017) Datta, Dipaloy; Marti, Mustafa Esen; Pal, Dharm; Kumar, SushilIn the present study, the reactive extraction of levulinic acid (4-oxopentanoic acid) was investigated by using Aliquat 336 in various organic solvents [benzene, dichloromethane (DCM), dodecane, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 1-octanol] from dilute aqueous solution. Equilibrium data obtained at 298 K and 101.325 kPa were used to determine the values of distribution coefficient (K-D), degree of extraction (E%); loading factor (Z), and complexation constants (K-E). Among the diluents tested, DCM gave the highest extraction efficiency. Using 0;5454 mol.kg(-1) of Aliquat 336 in DCM, KD and E% were obtained as 2.082 and 67.55%, respectively, at 0.2795 mol.kg(-1) initial acid:concentration in the aqueous solution. Z values were found to be between 0.033 and 1.628, depending on the nature of the diluent-used and Aliquat 336 concentration in the organic phase. Using mass action law modeling, the stoichiometry of the extraction reaction was determined, It was observed that mostly, 1:1, 2:1, and 3: types of complexes were formed. The results inferred that the polarity and the molecular size of the solvent were the important critical factors which decide the solubilization of the solvates in the organic phase: DCM was found to be the most appropriate solvent among tested ones for the reactive extraction of levulinic acid. The feasibility of the extraction process was also assessed by calculating the minimum solvent (extractant + diluent) to feed ratio and the number of theoretical stages required for the recovery of levulinic acid in the extraction column.Öğe Evaluation of sugar mill lime waste in biobased epoxy composites(WILEY, 2018) Soydal, Ulku; Marti, Mustafa Esen; Kocaman, Suheyla; Ahmetli, GulnareIn this study, precipitated calcium carbonate-lime waste (LW) from sugar beet production was recycled as a raw material for the preparation of composite materials. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a co-matrix in 50 wt% with bisphenol A-type epoxy resin (ER). The composites were prepared with LW in varied per cent values (10-50 wt%) using the casting technique. The morphology of the composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Effects of ESO and LW amounts on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Modification with ESO remarkably enhanced the plasticity of the material, but decreased the curing degree about 2%. The modified ER shows about 13% increase in elongation at break over the pure epoxy matrix. Density and hardness of neat epoxy matrices were observed to increase with the LW content in the composite. Tensile strengths of all composites are higher than that obtained with neat epoxy. The thermogravimetric analyses show that ESO and LW significantly improve the thermal stability of neat ER at the temperatures above 300 degrees C. The best thermal results were obtained with the composites containing 40- and 50 wt% LW. The residual weights of the composites are higher than that of neat ER and ER-ESO, and increases with the increasing LW amount. The T-5,T- T-10 and T-50 data of the composites are higher than those of neat ER and ER-ESO. The water sorption values of the ER-ESO matrix composites are in the range of 1.0-2.9 wt%. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:924-935, 2018. (c) 2016 Society of Plastics EngineersÖğe Extraction of levulinic acid using tri-n-butyl phosphate and tri-n-octylamine in 1-octanol: Column design(ELSEVIER, 2016) Datta, Dipaloy; Marti, Mustafa Esen; Uslu, Hasan; Kumar, SushilThe reactive extraction of levulinic acid using two different extractants [tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and tri-n-octylamine (TOA)] dissolved in 1-octanol was investigated at 298 K. Using the equilibrium data, the distribution coefficient (K-D), extraction efficiency (%E) and loading ratios (Z) were calculated. TOA provided highest K-D values with 1-octanol. A maximum K-D was obtained as 9.571 using 0.689 mol/kg TOA while 90.54 % of the initial levulinic acid was extracted. Increasing the initial acid concentration resulted in a decrease in the extraction efficiency. Loading ratios were found to be less than 1 for TBP while both types, i.e. 1:1 and 2:1 acid-amine complexes were expected to form with TOA. The feasibility of the extraction process was assessed by calculating minimum solvent to feed ratio required for 90% recovery of levulinic acid, number of theoretical stages, height and diameter of the extraction column. (C) 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Reactive extraction of pimelic (heptanedioic) acid from dilute aqueous solutions using trioctylamine in decan-1-ol(ELSEVIER, 2016) Marti, Mustafa Esen; Zeidan, Hani; Uslu, HasanThe present study is on the reactive extraction of pimelic acid (heptanedioic acid) from dilute aqueous solutions by trioctylamine (TOA) in decan-1-ol. The equilibrium studies were performed at 298 K and the results were used to calculate the values of distribution coefficient (K-D), loading factor (Z) and degree of extraction (E%). The maximum K-D was obtained as 6234 when initial concentrations of pimelic acid and TOA were 0.038 and 0.2 mol(-1) kg(-1), respectively. The extraction efficiency was 98.27% under these conditions. Moreover, Z values between 0.184 and 2.934 were obtained in the ranges of parameters studied. The data presents the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 pimelic acid-TOA solvates in the organic phase. A solvatochromic model (LSER) was applied to the equilibrium data and the K-D values obtained using the model show a good fit to the experimental outcomes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Solvent modification effect on the physical and chemical extraction of acetic acid(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2016) Marti, Mustafa EsenCombined use of inert diluents with polar modifiers enables former to be utilized for the recovery of polar value-added chemicals. The results show that polarities of both solvent and modifier are critical for efficient separations. Thus, K-D values with 1-octanol were higher than those with 1-decanol; however, those with xylene were superior to those with hexane and toluene. Increasing the amine concentrations increased the K-D values, in contrast to the trends with pH and temperature. About 33%, 79% and 67% of acetic acid was recovered using 25% (v/v) Alamine 336 in xylene, 1-octanol and 30% 1-octanol-modified xylene, respectively. Therefore, solvent modification positively affects the extraction power of inert diluents for acetic acid recovery.Öğe Study on the reuse of marble and andesite wastes in epoxy-based composites(WILEY, 2018) Soydal, Ulku; Kocaman, Suheyla; Marti, Mustafa Esen; Ahmetli, GulnareAndesite- (AW) and marble-dust wastes (MW) were recycled to be used in composite preparation. Both were obtained from local industrial sources. Commercially available epoxy resin (ER) and its modified version with polyaniline (PANI) were used as the neat polymer matrix. The dispersion of the fillers was investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of PANI and waste loading on the mechanical, thermal, electrical, water sorption, and corrosion properties were investigated. The optimum loading levels for MW or AW in the composites were found to be 20 wt%. Using thermogravimetric analyses, thermal behavior and stability of the composites prepared were probed. The incorporation of PANI and waste fillers increased the T-10 temperature by 10-33 degrees C and the tensile strength by 4-51 MPa of neat ER. The composites containing 10-30 wt% AW filler were found to be semiconductive and electrical conductivity decreased with the increase in AW content. The PANI-ER/AW composite showed perfect resistance to corrosion and also exhibited the best adhesion. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3081-3091, 2018. (c) 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
