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    In vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity and chemical profile of different extracts from Acanthus hirsutus Boiss used in Anatolian folk medicine
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2018) Uysal, Şengül; Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Zaahira; Zengin, Gökhan; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Maskovic, Pavle Z.; Vujic, Jelena M.; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi
    Introduction: The traditional use of phyto remedies and natural products may indicate their pharmacological potential. Screening plant extracts to identify their active components has gained momentum with possible beneficial effects for public health. The aim of study was to assess and compare the biological properties of different extracts (methanolic, aqueous, and ethyl acetate) prepared from Acanthus hirsutus (AH), a traditionally used medicinal plant. Methods: The phytochemical profile of AH was established via analysis of the total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as the condensed tannins and gallotannins present in plants collected in the Anatolian region of Turkey. Chemical profiles were confirmed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) method. Antioxidant potential were appraised through the analysis of their free radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity, and inhibition ability of lipid peroxidation. Any cytotoxicity activity of the extracts was assessed through the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against three different cancer cell lines. Results: The HPLC/DAD profile revealed the presence of rutin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, and naringenin which were in significant abundance in the extracts. The aqueous extract had the highest antioxidant capacity with 284.33 +/- 0.05 mu g AAE/g extract, which correlated with the highest total condensed tannins, phenolics, and flavonoid contents (94.14 +/- 0.16 mg GAE/g extract, 114.30 +/- 0.11 mg GAE/g extract and 61.18 +/- 0.43 mg RE/g extract, respectively). Different sensitivities were observed towards the different cell lines used, with the aqueous extract being the less cytotoxic. Conclusion: AH proved to be a potent medicinal plant that can be further exploited as a complementary and alternative therapy for the management of oxidative stress related diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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    Onosma aucheriana: A source of biologically active molecules for novel food ingredients and pharmaceuticals
    (ELSEVIER, 2015) Maskovic, Pavle Z.; Diamanto, Lazari D.; Vujic, Jelena M.; Cvetanovic, Aleksandra D.; Radojkovic, Marija M.; Gadiuric, Slobodan B.; Zengin, Gökhan
    The phenolic profile, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of O. aucheriana aqueous extract were investigated. HPLC-DAD (high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector) technique was used to define the profile of phenolic compounds of the resultant extract. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using different methods, including phosphomolybdenum, free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation assays. Rosmarinic, gallic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were determined as the major phenolic compounds. Human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD), human cervix carcinoma (Hep2c) and murine fibroblast (L2OB) cell lines were used to examine the cytotoxicity of the extract. The IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) values ranged from 25.54 to 40.34 mu g/mL. These results suggest that this species may be considered as a valuable candidate for preparing new food and drug formulations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Optimization of the Extraction Process of Antioxidants from Orange Using Response Surface Methodology
    (SPRINGER, 2016) Maskovic, Pavle Z.; Diamanto, Lazari D.; Cvetanovic, Aleksandra; Radojkovic, Marija; Spasojevic, Miroslav B.; Zengin, Gökhan
    Different extraction conditions may significantly influence extraction of particular compound groups. In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design was used to define the best combination of extraction temperature (20-60 A degrees C), ethanol concentration (10-90 %) and extraction time (60-180 min) for maximum yield of antioxidant compounds and maximum antioxidant activity of orange extracts. Experimental values of total phenol yields were in the range from 3.10 to 3.72 mgGAE/ml, while total flavonoid content was in the range from 1.42 to 2.13 mgRE/ml. Antioxidant activity expressed as the 50 % inhibition concentration (IC50 value) was in the range from 0.03 to 0.04 mg/ml. The experimental results were fitted to a second-order quadratic polynomial model, and they have shown a good fit to the proposed model (R (2) > 0.90). Determined optimized conditions for maximizing yield of antioxidant compounds were within the experimental range.
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    Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Prospective of three Linum species: A Potential Source of Novel Anticancer Pharmacophores
    (BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD, 2018) Zengin, Gökhan; Picot, Carene M. N.; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Maskovic, Pavle Z.; Vujic, Jelena M.; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi
    The therapeutic potential of some Linum species has been reported previously. Nonetheless, several species of this genus warrant further scientific consideration. In this study, the phenolic composition, antioxidant activity (DPPH, phosphomolybdenum, iron chelating, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation assays) and cytotoxicity effect (human rhabdomyosarcoma, human cervix carcinoma, and murine fibroblast cell lines) of ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of three Linum species (Linum austriacum subsp. glaucescens, Linum hirsutum subsp. anatolicum, and Linum tenuifolium) were assessed. High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis revealed the presence of ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, synapic acid, rutin, apigenin-glucoside, quercetin, luteolin, and naringenin in all the extracts. It was observed that the extracts (IC50 ranging from 42.07 to 51.66 mu g/mL) showed IC50 significantly (p<0.05) lower than ascorbic and gallic acid (> 1000 and 255.43 mu g/mL respectively) against lipid peroxidation. According to the American National Cancer Institute guidelines, the extracts showed low cytotoxicity (IC50 < 30 mu g/mL). However, the water extracts showed cytotoxicity effects (IC50 17.43 +/- 0.13 to 28.12 +/- 0.66 mu g/mL) against the studied cell lines as compared to the antineoplastic positive control (Cis-DDP). These findings support the use of these plants in the management of ROS mediated disorders and advocates for the need for further scientific evaluations to confirm the observed in vitro bioactivity. The cytotoxic potential coupled with the antioxidant property of the water extracts of these plant species is of particular interest which can open new avenues in the quest for novel anticancer drugs.