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    A comparative assessment of biological effects and chemical profile of Italian asphodeline lutea extracts
    (MDPI, 2018) Melucci, Dora; Locatelli, Marcello; Locatelli, Clinio; Zappi, Alessandro; De laurentiis, Francesco; Carradori, Simone; Campestre, Cristina; Leporini, Lidia; Zengin, Gökhan; Picot, Carene Marie Nancy; Menghini, Luigi; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi
    The present study aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of Asphodeline lutea (AL), a wild edible plant of the Mediterranean diet. Roots, aerial parts, and flowers of AL at two different phenological stages were collected from three locations in Italy. The inhibitory activities of extracts on strategic enzymes linked to human diseases were assessed. The antioxidant properties were evaluated in vitro, using six standard bioassays. The phenolic and anthraquinone profiles were also established using HPLC-PDA. Zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper contents were also determined. All the samples inhibited acetylcholinesterase (from 1.51 to 2.20 mg GALAEs/g extract), tyrosinase (from 7.50 to 25.3 mg KAEs/g extract), and alpha-amylase (from 0.37 to 0.51 mmol ACAEs/g extract). Aloe-emodin and physcion were present in all parts, while rhein was not detected. The phenolic profile and the heavy metals composition of specimens gathered from three different regions of Italy were different. It can be argued that samples collected near the street can contain higher concentrations of heavy metals. The experimental data confirm that the A. lutea species could be considered as a potential source of bioactive metabolites, and its consumption could play a positive and safe role in human health maintenance.
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    Herbal Medicines: Application of a Sequential Voltammetric Procedure to the Determination of Mercury, Copper, Lead, Cadmium and Zinc at Trace Level
    (BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD, 2018) Melucci, Dora; Locatelli, Marcello; De Laurentiis, Francesco; Zengin, Gökhan; Locatelli, Clinio
    Background: The work describes the voltammetric determination of mercury(II), copper(II), lead(II), cadmium(II), zinc(II) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) in herbal medicines. Methods: The voltammetric measurements were carried out using a conventional three electrode cell and two working electrodes, a gold electrode (GE) and a stationary hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The analytical procedure was verified on the standard reference materials Spinach Leaves NIST-SRM 1570a, Tomato Leaves NIST-SRM 1573a and Apple Leaves NIST-SRM 1515. For all the elements, precision as repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (s(r)) was of the order of 4-6 %, while authenticity, expressed as relative error (e) was generally of the order of 5-8 %. Once set up on the standard reference materials, the analytical procedure was applied to commercial herbal medicine samples, and a critical comparison with spectroscopic measurements was done to evaluate the analytical performance. Results and Conclusion: Results are also processed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA), which provides very easy-to-read graphic outputs evidencing the influence of herbs prewashing on the content of risky elements. The correlation matrix is also obtained, allowing to study correlation between elements or methods.