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    Expression dynamics of Integrin Subunit Beta 5 in bovine gametes and embryos imply functions in male fertility and early embryonic development
    (WILEY, 2019) Velho, Ana.; Wang, Hongfeng.; Koenig, Leslie.; Grant, Kamilah E.; Menezes, Erika S.; Kaya, Abdullah.; Moura, Arlindo.; Memili, Erdogan.
    Integrins have been shown to act as signalling receptors, and they primarily recognise extracellular matrix ligands on the oocyte surface. However, their possible roles in oocyte activation and embryo development are not clearly understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate expression of Integrin Subunit Beta 5 (ITG beta 5) in bovine sperm, oocytes, and early embryos and to ascertain the evolutionary conservation of ITG beta 5. To accomplish these objectives, we used western blotting to study expression levels of ITG beta 5 protein in sperm and RT-qPCR to determine expression levels of ITG beta 5 transcripts in oocytes and embryos. We have also used bioinformatic analysis to determine the evolutionary conservation of the ITG beta 5 protein among various species. Western blotting showed that ITG beta 5 protein was detectable in bull sperm. Moreover, results of RT-qPCR showed that levels of ITG beta 5 were significantly higher in the two-cell embryos, followed by the 8-16-cell embryos. However, no significant difference in expression levels were noted for the morula and blastocyst stages as compared to MII oocytes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that ITG beta 5 is conserved among various species. We conclude that expression of ITG beta 5 in bovine gametes and embryos implies an important role in fertilisation and embryogenesis.