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    Association of tumour necrosis factor-alpha -308 G/A polymorphism with primary open-angle glaucoma
    (WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Bozkurt, Banu; Mesci, Lutfiye; Irkec, Murat; Ozdag, Burcin B.; Sanal, Ozden; Arslan, Umut; Ersoy, Fugen
    Background: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is an important proinflammatory cytokine driving axonal degeneration and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of TNF-a -308 G/A and -238 G/A polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Design: A prospective, casecontrol study, university hospital setting. Participants: Eighty-six POAG patients and 193 healthy unrelated controls. Methods: TNF-a polymorphisms were screened by using direct gene sequencing. Main Outcome Measures: Frequency of TNF-a -308 G/A and TNF-a -238 G/A promoter polymorphisms in glaucoma and healthy subjects. Results: The frequencies of TNF-a -308 GA genotype and A allele were higher in patients with POAG (22.1% and 12.2%, respectively) in comparison with the control group (10.9% and 6%, respectively) (P = 0.046 and 0.02, respectively), with odds ratios of 2.45 (P = 0.01, 95% CI = 1.234.87) and 2.19 (P = 0.013, 95% CI = 1.184.08), respectively. Genotype distribution of the TNF-a -238 variants did not yield a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.87). Conclusion: TNF-a -308 G/A polymorphism seems to be associated with POAG in Turkish population. However, population-based studies with large number of subjects and long-term follow-up are needed to verify the association of TNF-a -308 G/A polymorphism with glaucoma susceptibility.
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    Determination of Tear and Serum Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Rosacea Using Multiplex Bead Technology
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2013) Topcu-Yilmaz, Pinar; Atakan, Nilgun; Bozkurt, Banu; Irkec, Murat; Aban, Demet; Mesci, Lutfiye; Tezcan, Ilhan
    Purpose: To compare serum and tear inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels of rosacea patients with the healthy controls and evaluate the correlation of tear cytokine levels with tear function parameters. Methods: Tear and serum interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured using multiplex bead (Luminex) technology in 12 rosacea patients without ocular involvement (group 1), 20 rosacea patients with ocular involvement (group 2), and 22 healthy subjects (group 3). The correlation of the cytokines with tear function parameters was analyzed using Spearman correlation test. Results: Tear IL-10 and VEGF levels were significantly lower in group 1 (median: 35.78 pg/mL and 427.29, respectively) and group 2 (median: 26.25 pg/mL and 348.31, respectively) than in group 3 (median: 75.96 pg/mL and 480.12, respectively) (p<0.05). Mean serum IL-8 level was significantly lower in group 2 (median = 0) compared to group 3 (median = 3.98) (p = 0.02). Tear breakup time was found to be positively correlated with IL-10 (r = 0.46, p = 0.013) and inversely correlated with MCP-1 (r = -0.52, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Tear and serum levels of cytokines and growth factors measured with Luminex technology showed a large variation in rosacea and healthy subjects. Decreased levels of tear IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, may lead to an inflammatory ocular surface environment, exacerbate ocular surface inflammation, and deteriorate tear function tests. A bigger sample size, including rosacea patients with corneal involvement, is needed to confirm the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of rosacea-associated ocular inflammation.