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Öğe Agrophysical assessment of alluvial calcareous soils of the Cumra region of Central Anatolia in Turkey(PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC, 2014) Shein, E. V.; Erol, S. A.; Milanovskii, E. Yu.; Verkhovtseva, N. V.; Mikayilov, F. D.; Er, F.; Ersahin, S.Some physical (density, coefficient of filtration, particle-size composition, etc.) and chemical (contents of carbonates, organic carbon, nitrogen, etc.) properties of an alluvial calcareous soil were studied in Central Anatolia (Konya province, Cumra region). These heavy-textured (medium clay) soils with a low content of organic carbon (less than 1%) have favorable agrophysical properties due to the stable structure of the pore space. The studies of the water regime of soils under drop irrigation confirm the favorable hydrological properties of these soils. The use of the known agrophysical estimates (after Medvedev, the index of the optimal water regime, etc.) has revealed the high dispersal of the data related to the low humus content in these heavy-textured soils. The favorable structure of the pore space is suggested to be stipulated by the active activity of the numerous and diverse representatives of soil biota. Four phyla predominate in the microbio-logical composition of the soils studied; among them, Actinobacteria is the dominant. The composition of this phylum is dominated by the elevated number of both higher (Streptomyces) and lower (three species of Rhodococcus) actinobacteria. The high biodiversity of bacteria against the background of their great total number and the developed trophic interactions in the microbial community promote the well-balanced production of specific metabolites, including gaseous ones (CO2, H-2). This circumstance allows this clayey soil to function rather actively while protecting the pore space against compaction and maintaining the optimal density, porosity, and hydrological properties.Öğe Analysis of solutions of the equation for the convective diffusion of ions in soil(MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2012) Mikayilov, F. D.New analytical solutions are proposed for the problem of the convective-dispersion transfer of salts in a soil layer of finite and semifinite thickness at the boundary conditions of the first and third kinds on the soil's surface under the alternating (pulsating) impact of washing water. Numerical studies (computer experiments) of the salt transfer equation were performed for the equilibrium sorption and linear sorption isotherms in soils with deep and shallow groundwater tables and for nonequilibrium irreversible sorption (characterized by biological transformation in the soil solution following the first-order kinetics) to examine the effect of the upper and lower boundary conditions on the transfer of salts in a soil. The analysis revealed relationships between the parameters of the convective diffusion equation (for which simpler equations were proposed for calculating the irrigation rates from the average salt content in the soil layer before and after washing), which included the filtration rate, the physicochemical features of the soil and salts, and the degree and depth of the preset desalination. The use of the initial and permissible salt concentrations averaged for the studied layer was substantiated for the first time. After wide experimental validation, the obtained equations can be used in soil-reclamation practice.Öğe Analytical Solution of the Equation of the Nonequilibrium Solute Transport in Soil With Dual Porosity(Interperiodica, 2003) Mikayilov, F. D.; Pachepsky, Y. A.The paper contains new analytical solutions to the problem of convective-dispersive solute transport in mobile and immobile zones of soil pore space for the finite layer of soil subject to leaching with brackish water. Simulations demonstrate the role of soil structure in solute transport during leaching. The opportunity is shown to use the analytical solutions in leaching optimization.Öğe Determination of salt-transport model parameters for leaching of saturated superficially salted soils(MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2007) Mikayilov, F. D.Analytical solutions were given for the problem of dissolution and leaching of salts in waterlogged regions with deep and shallow water tables under surface salinization and with account for equilibrium sorption (characterized by a linear exchange isotherm) and the problem of nonequilibrium irreversible sorption (characterized by biological transformation in the soil solution, which follows the first-order kinetics). A method was developed for determining the hydrochemical parameters (mixing step and dissolution rate coefficient of solidphase salts) from the average salt contents of water-saturated soils of given thickness before and after leaching determined under laboratory and field conditions.Öğe Theoretical Principles of Experimental Methods for Determining the Thermal Diffusivity of Soils(MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2010) Mikayilov, F. D.; Shein, E. V.Mathematical models for predicting the heat transfer in soils are used for the management of the soil thermal conditions; the development of different soil constructions; the analysis of the thermal effects related to the loosening or compaction of the surface soil layers, the sanding of peat, and the application of friable mulching materials; and the description of many other phenomena and processes. The experimental support of the development and functioning of these models is provided by the function of thermal diffusivity, which describes the thermal diffusivity as a function of the water content and can be derived using the methods based on the solution of direct and inverse problems of heat transfer. On the basis of the different boundary conditions and sine-shaped daily and annual temperature cycles, a number of equations were proposed for calculating the thermal diffusivity that contained logarithms, arctangents of amplitudes, and the phase shift between the daily temperatures at two depths. A mean-integral solution was obtained for the estimation of the average temperature in a specific soil layer. A number of methods were developed starting from the analysis of the temperature dynamics on the basis of four daily observations at the same depth with 6-hour intervals, and nomograms were given for the rapid and simple calculation of the soil thermal diffusivity at a specific depth. The developed methods can be used for assessing the soil thermal diffusivity under natural conditions, which should improve the reliability, accuracy, and adequacy and expand the application range of predictive mathematical models for the thermal regime of soils.
