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    Identification of Fungi Associated with Different Pigeon Pea Seed Accessions from Iran
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022) Ardestanı, Simin Tahery; Moghadam, Ahmad Abbasi; Ahmadı, Mehrzad; Talaeı, Zahra
    A species of Leguminosae family is Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Pigeon pea) is an herbaceous, annual, self-pollinated legume pulse crop. The pigeon pea is mainly cultivated in many countries of South Asia due to its nutritious quality and a good source of minerals and protein. Seeds are a common carrier of plant pathogens, which act as the primary source for the distribution of diseases. Contaminated seeds can often create defecated germination and poor seedling vigour. They lose viability much faster than non-contaminated seeds. A large number of mycoflora were reported to be associated with the pigeon pea seeds. To assess the seed health and quality of some pigeon pea accessions this experiment was conducted at the genetic department and national plant gene bank of Iran, seed, and plant improvement institute in 2021. In the experiment, a total of 52 accessions from the pigeon pea collection were used for laboratory tests. During this study different species of Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Rhizopus spp. were found along with germinating seed and seedlings of contaminated pigeon pea. The most identified species on the contaminated pigeon pea seeds were Rhizopus spp., with 50%, and the least were Alternaria spp. and Aspergillus spp., with 7.2%. The other species Penicillium spp., and Fusarium spp., were measured on 21.4% and 14.2% of the contaminated seeds respectively. On contaminated pigeon pea seeds, 20 to 100% reduction in seed germination has been measured. Paying attention to seed health is the fundamental strategy for the integrated management of the disease for durable crop production and seed conservation.
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    Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Green Pea Powdery Mildew Pathogen from Alborz, Iran
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022) Ardestanı, Simin Tahery; Khodaparast, Seyed Akbar; Moghadam, Ahmad Abbasi; Ahmadı, Mehrzad
    Green pea (Pisum sativum.) is an important consumable vegetable crop worldwide rich in protein, vitamins, and nutrition. It is cultivated in many parts of Iran, particularly during the summer season, and recently under protected greenhouse. Powdery mildew is an important disease of green pea, especially during the pod fill and maturation stage and decreases the photosynthetic area of leaves which causes crop loss. This experiment was conducted in order to identify fungi associated with powdery mildews on some accessions under regeneration of green pea collection at the genetic department and national plant gene bank of Iran, seed, and plant improvement institute during the year 2021. Powdery mildew became epidemic on the plants at the pod stage from the end of July to August. The formation of white, floury patches initially on the leaf progressing towards tendrils, pods, and stems observed that on susceptible accessions covered the most aerial part of the plants. The Erysiphe pisi, Erysiphe trifolii and Erysiphe baeumleri were reported causing disease on pea. The infected plant samples were collected and transferred to the lab for morphological studies, then, the genomic DNA was isolated and used for amplification and sequencing using the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions. Based on morphological characteristics of asexual and sexual stages as well as rDNA-ITS sequence analyses, the fungus was identified as Erysiphe pisi. Due to the presence of accessions with high levels of resistance to this disease, further investigation is recommended to breed resistant cultivars for cultivation in this province.