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    An Analysis of Anatolian Human Femur Anthropometry
    (2002) Ziylan, Taner; Murshed, Khalil Awadh
    Femoral anthropometry anthropornetry from two different ages of Anatolian population groups was evaluated according to normal parametric measurements. Eleven femoral measurements with collo-diaphyseal angles were obtained from 36 right and 36 left intact human adult femora of a contemporary Central Anatolian population. For this purpose, a sliding caliper, osteometric board, tapeline and gonometer were used. Obtained data were statistically analyzed by Student's t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Our results were compared with a previous study's results obtained from human femora from the Şeyh Höyük area (southern Anatolia) dating back to the Chalcolithic Age (5100-3000 B.C). The results of this study showed no significant differences between the right and the left femora except that of the head vertical diameter (HVD). Only with the neck transverse diameter (NTD) did the collodiaphyseal angle (CDA) showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05). The correlations between the other different parameters showed variable degrees of significant associations (p < 0.05). Results from the femora of contemporary and Chalcolithic Age individuals showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in collo-diaphyseal angle (CDA), head vertical diameter (HVD), head transverse diameter (HTD), midshaft circumference (MSC), midshaft transverse diameter (MSTD) and distal breadth (DB) measurements. Contemporary individuals have retained longer femora. Results indicate that femoral anthropometric measuerments could show differences between various populations belonging to different ages.
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    Femoral Sulcus Angle Measurements: an Anatomical Study of Magnetic Resonance Images and Dry Bones
    (2004) Murshed, Khalil Awadh; Çiçekçibaşı, Aynur Emine; Ziylan, Taner; Karabacakoğlu, Aydın
    The sulcus angle of the femoral trochlea is particularly important for evaluating the patellofemoral joint. Our experimental study aimed to assess the osseous femoral sulcus angle radiologically in the right and left knees and osteologically in the right and left femurs in males and females. The osseous sulcus angle of 28 male right, 22 male left, 21 female right and 29 female left knees was measured on magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and by a goniometer; the angle was measured in 40 right and 40 left femurs. In MRIs, the mean sulcus angle in males and in females was 134° ± SD 5.1° and 133.2° ± SD 6.7°, respectively. In the right and left knees it was 133.5° ± SD 5.2° and 134.5° ± SD 6.7° respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between right and left knees in MRIs. In dry bones, the mean sulcus angle in the right and left femurs was 142.2° ± SD 9.7° and 141.2° ± SD 7.9°, respectively, with no significant difference. Statistical comparisons between the mean sulcus angle in MRIs and in dry femurs showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that there are no differences in the femoral osseous angle between men and women or between the right and left sides. Differences in the techniques and methods of angle assessments could explain the differences in their values.
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    Morphometric Evaluation of the Foramen Magnum and Variations in Its Shape: a Study on Computerized Tomographic Images of Normal Adults
    (2003) Murshed, Khalil Awadh; Çiçekçibaşı, Aynur Emine; Tuncer, Işık
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiological measurements of the foramen magnum (FM) and their relation to sex as well as to note variations in the shape of the FM. Cranial computerized tomographic images (CT) of 110 normal subjects (57 males - 53 females) between the ages of 18 and 80 years were examined in this study. The sagittal and transverse diameters of the FM were measured with a millimetric sliding caliper. Additionally, the area of the FM was also estimated. The statistical analysis for sex comparison was made using Student's t test. To determine the relationships between the studied parameters, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. In addition, the frequency percentage ratios of the variable shape types of the FM were also determined. Our findings showed that the sagittal, transverse diameters and area of the FM were significantly greater in males than in females (P < 0.001). The statistical comparisons of the correlations between all measuring parameters showed significant associations (P < 0.01). According to the identity with the shape type, the FM was found to be oval in 8.1%, egg-shaped in 6.3%, round in 21.8%, tetragonal in 12.7%, pentagonal in 13.6%, hexagonal in 17.2%, irregular (A) in 10.9% and irregular (B) in 9.09%. It can be concluded that the sex differences in the dimensions of the FM and the variations in its shape are of diagnostic clinical and radiological importance.