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Öğe Determining Rates of Erosion of an Earth Pillar by Terrestrial Laser Scanning(Springer Heidelberg, 2010) Yılmaz, H. M.; Yakar, M.; Yıldız, F.; Karabörk, H.; Kavurmacı, M. M.; Mutluoğlu, O.; Göktepe, A.This paper will show how a three-dimensional (3D) terrestrial laser scanning system can be used to assess the erosion of a sample earth pillar located in Selime in the Cappadocia region of central Turkey. These pillars are known locally as 'Fairy Chimneys'; they are a wonder of both the natural and cultural worlds and have importance from historical perspectives. Sixty million years ago, the region was formed from soft layers of lava and ash spewed out by the Erciyes, Hasan, and Gullu mountains. The landscape was then abraded by rain and wind over the years and the earth pillars were formed from the tuff. Due to atmospheric effects the pillars are undergoing chemical and physical deterioration. In order to conserve the earth pillars, an understanding of the deterioration phenomenon of the tuff is essential. In the last years, three-dimensional (3D) terrestrial laser scanning systems have been very successfully employed in many engineering applications. The high quantity and precision of the measured points enable the user to generate realistic and 3D illustrations of complex objects. The sample earth pillar in Selime was modeled in 3D by terrestrial laser scanning three times during two six-month periods with an average of 10 mm horizontal and vertical intervals on the surface. The volume differences were computed from the same volume surface for each period and these differences determined whether erosion had taken place. At the end of the study, it was detected that there was partial erosion on this earth pillar resulting from physical intervention.Öğe Monitoring of Soil Erosion in Cappadocia Region (Selime-Aksaray-Turkey)(Springer, 2012) Yılmaz, H. M.; Yakar, M.; Mutluoğlu, O.; Kavurmacı, M. M.; Yurt, K.A fairy chimney is a conical rock formation, typically found in the Cappadocia region of Turkey. The geology of areas where fairy chimneys exist typically comprise a thick layer of tuff, covered by a thin layer of basalt or other volcanic rocks that are more resistant to erosion than the underlying tuff. Fairy chimneys are formed where a small cap or boulder of the original basalt remains, protecting a cone of tuff beneath it from erosion. Eventually, the tuff will be undercut to the extent that the cap falls off, and the remaining cone is then quickly eroded. In this study, the formation of fairy chimneys in the Cappadocia region was examined by investigating the surface soil erosion. A study area was selected and then scanned at five different times by a geodetic robotic total station at 40 cm horizontal and vertical intervals. The volumes of the study area were calculated from the same height and erosion was calculated from the volume differences indicated by the data. The relationship between erosion and meteorological data was analyzed, and showed that erosion had increased due to climatic conditions, particularly from the effect of rainfall.Öğe Photogrammetric Evaluation of Saint Theodoros Trion Church (Derinkuyu Kilisesi)(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2010) Yıldız, F.; Yakar, M.; Neşeli, O.; Mutluoğlu, O.Cappadocia is a region in central Turkey, largely in Nevsehir Province. The name was traditionally used in Christian sources throughout history and is still widely used as an international tourism concept to define a region of exceptional natural wonders, in particular characterized by fairy chimneys and a unique historical and cultural heritage. The term, as used in tourism, roughly correspondsto present-day Nevsehir Province. Dating back to 4000 BC; the earliest people used to live in Goreme known as Cappadocia, in dwellings dug into the rock. Christianity came to the region, and were constructed a lot of chapels, churches and monasteries. Saint Theodoros Trion church is also one of them and biggest one. In this study; photogrammetric measurement of Saint Theodoros Trion church has been completed. Topcon GPT 3007 reflectorless total station has been used for geodetic measurement. 6 traverse net point established at surround of church. Traverse measurement has been completed and later control points on the church surface have been measure to make orientation of photographs. Drawing of the church has been completed at photomodeler photogrammetric software.Öğe Photogrammetric Measurement of the Meke Lake and Its Environment with Kite Photographs to Monitoring of Water Level to Climate Change(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2010) Yakar, M.; Yıldız, F.; Metin, A.; Uray, F.; Ulvi, A.; Karasaka, L.; Mutluoğlu, O.; Şeker, D. Z.Over the last hundred years or so, the instrumental temperature record has shown a trend in climate of increased global mean temperature, i.e., global warming. Global warming and climate change have caused a decrease in lake waters, an increase in the sea level, and changes in streams and precipitation models and have started to show negative impacts on all aquatic organisms from plankton to mammals. Semi-arid and arid areas are particularly exposed to the impacts of climate change on freshwater. Unfortunately, due to global warming and the uncontrolled irrigation of farms, the "eye" of the lake has dried and rest of the lake is drying. This project has been started to get data about decreasing the water level and the physical changes in the Lake Meke. From September to March, the level of water has been determined. For this purpose, photogrammetric measurements have been done. Kite and remote-control camera has been used. With calibrated cameras and points on ground, the lake's surface has been evaluation photogrammetric software and got merged with present time map.
