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Öğe An Application of Landsat-5TM Image Data for Water Quality Mapping in Lake Beysehir, Turkey(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2010) Nas, Bilgehan; Ekercin, Semih; Karabörk, Hakan; Berktay, Ali; Mulla, David J.The main goal of this study was to investigate spatial patterns in water quality in Lake Beysehir, which is the largest freshwater reservoir in Turkey, by using Landsat-5TM (Thematic Mapper) data and ground surveys. Suspended sediment (SS), turbidity, Secchi disk depth (SDD), and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) data were collected from 40 sampling stations in August, 2006. Spatial patterns in these parameters were estimated using bivariate and multiple regression (MR) techniques based on Landsat-5TM multispectral data and water quality sampling data. Single TM bands, band ratios, and combinations of TM bands were estimated and correlated with the measured water quality parameters. The best regression models showed that the measured and estimated values of water quality parameters were in good agreement (0.60 < R (2) < 0.71). TM3 provided a significant relationship (R (2) = 0.67, p < 0.0001) with SS concentration. MR between chl-a and various combinations of TM bands showed that TM1, TM2, and TM4 are strongly correlated with measured chl-a concentrations (R (2) = 0.60, p < 0.0001). MR of turbidity showed that TM1, TM2, and TM3 explain 60% (p < 0.0001) of the variance in turbidity. MR of SDD showed a strong relationship with measured SDD, with R (2) = 0.71 (p < 0.0001) for the ratio TM1/TM3 and TM1 band combinations. The spatial distribution maps present apparent spatial variations of selected parameters for the study area covering the largest freshwater lake and drinking water reservoir in Turkey. Interpretation of thematic water quality maps indicated similar spatial distributions for SS, turbidity, and SDD. A large area in the middle portion of the lake showed very low chl-a concentrations as it is far from point and nonpoint sources of incoming nutrients. The trophic state index values were calculated from chl-a and SDD measurements. Lake Beysehir was classified as a mesotrophic or eutrophic lake according to chl-a or SDD parameters, respectively.Öğe Application of sequencing batch biofilm reactor for treatment of sewage wastewater treatment: effect of power failure(DESALINATION PUBL, 2014) Aygun, Ahmet; Nas, Bilgehan; Berktay, Ali; Ates, HavvaThe operational performance of the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for treating the university campus wastewater was evaluated. The effects of power failure on performance of processes were investigated by comparing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal, sludge settling properties and microorganism's morphological properties by using SEM photos. The experiments were carried out at four 2-L reactors made from plexiglas. Three in four reactors were operated as SBBR. SBBRs were filled with the kaldnes biomedia K1 to 40, 50 and 60% of the volume of empty reactor. SBR and SBBRs were operated at 6/24 h cycling periods on a day that consisted of wastewater fill (30 min), reaction (4 h), settling (1 h) and draw (30 min), summed up to 6 h with the hydraulic residence time of 7.5 h. The effect of filling ratio on SBBR performance was also determined. In normal operation, average COD removal rates were calculated as 86, 88.5, 90.6 and 94.2% for SBR, SBBR1, SBBR2 and SBBR3, respectively. Power failure is one of the most encountered problems in the small wastewater treatment plants. Its effect was observed at 1 cycle as short term and 4 cycles as long term. Besides the negative effects of the power failure on COD and TSS removal, it also affects sludge settling properties. While interruption time is increased, recovery took much more time than expected to reach steady state conditions for all the reactors. However, the presence of biofilm restricted the adverse effect of power failure. SEM photos and better effluent quality supported these findings.Öğe Combining Ahp With Gis for Landfill Site Selection: A Case Study in the Lake Beysehir Catchment Area (Konya, Turkey)(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010) Şener, Şehnaz; Şener, Erhan; Nas, Bilgehan; Karagüzel, RemziLandfills are the most common method for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Turkey. However, determining the location of landfill sites is a difficult and complex process because it must combine social, environmental and technical parameters. Additionally, it depends on several criteria and regulations. The main objective of this study was to select of a landfill site for the Lake Beysehir catchment area. The Beysehir Lake is the largest freshwater lake and drinking water reservoir in Turkey, but there is no controlled landfill site in the region. Therefore, the landfill site should be determined such that the lake is protected. To determine the most suitable landfill site, an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was combined with a geographic information system (GIS) to examine several criteria, such as geology/hydrogeology, land use, slope, height, aspect and distance from settlements, surface waters, roads, and protected areas (ecologic, scientific or historic). Each criterion was evaluated with the aid of AHP and mapped by GIS. Data were assorted into four suitability classes within the study area, i.e., high, moderate, low and very low suitability areas, which represented 3.24%, 7.55%, 12.70% and 2.81%, of the study area, respectively. Additionally, 73.70% was determined to be completely unsuitable for a landfill site. As a result, two candidate landfill sites are suggested and discussed. The final decision for landfill site selection will require more detailed field studies.Öğe Contribution of Konya Plain Projects to the National Development in Turkey’s Water-Related Energy(Multi Science Publ Co Ltd, 2006) Berktay, Ali; Nas, Bilgehan; Demirbaş, AyhanKonya basin is the largest closed basin in Anatolia. Konya plain project (KOP: Konya Ovasi Projeleri in Turkish) is a comprehensive group of projects, which includes construction of dams, hydroelectric power plants, and irrigation systems as well as providing developments in agricultural infrastructure, transportation industry, water supply, water budged, environmental impacts and in other issues. The KOP is described as being the second big project for the purpose of irrigation after South Eastern Project in Turkey. The KOP comprises 47,720 km(2) of area spread over four river basins in Konya closed basin. The KOP consists of 12 projects including nine big scale water projects, two water supply projects, energy projects, and a number of small scale surface, and ground water irrigation projects. The KOP area covers the 73% of the total area that can be irrigated in Konya closed basin. Presently, 308,073 ha of land are irrigated by 12 individual projects in the KOP. In order to reach up to 617,923 ha irrigated area, much effort has been done in the all projects.Öğe THE EFFECTIVE USE OF WATER IN KONYA (TURKEY) CLOSED BASIN(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2008) Berktay, Ali; Nas, BilgehanThere are 25 main river basins in Turkey. Konya Closed Basin (KCB) is 4th biggest basin according to its precipitation area which is about 53 850 km(2). The area consists of two closed sub-basins those are referred to as Salt Lake Basin and Konya Basin. Disruption of the natural hydrological regimes and over-consumption of freshwater resources pose the principal threats to the wetlands, salt lakes and freshwater bodies. Irrigation schemes have diverted water from the streams that feed scattered freshwater resources to convert some of the salty steppes to agricultural fields. It leads to a decrease in the overall freshwater content of the lakes, wetlands and streams. These are two of several drainless areas of the Central Anatolian Plateau, which is itself also a closed basin. Each of the basins is characterized by the presence of a large lake, respectively Salt Lake and Beysehir Lake. The KCB is fed by rivers and groundwater coming mainly from the south and by melt water and rainfall from the mountain range bordering the basin in the south. The Konya Plain Project (KPP) is a comprehensive group of projects which includes construction of dams, hydroelectric power plants, and irrigation systems as well as providing developments in agricultural infrastructure, transportation industry, water supply, water budged, environmental impacts and in other issues. Konya Plain Project (KPP) is thought together with land consolidation studies in the region. The KPP comprises 47,720 km of area spreaded over 4 river basins in Konya closed basin. The KPP consists of 12 projects including 9 big scale water projects, 2 water supply projects, energy projects, and a number of small scale surface and ground water irrigation projects.Öğe Farklı organik ve hidrolik yüklemelerde hareketli yatak biyofilm reaktörlerin (HYBR) performansı(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2008) Aygün, Ahmet; Nas, BilgehanHareketli Yatak Biyofilm Reaktör (HYBR)’ler aktif çamur prosesinin bir modifikasyonudur. Proses, sentetik taşıyıcı malzeme ilave edilmiş havalandırma havuzu ve geri devirsiz çökeltme havuzundan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, HYBR prosesi tanımlanmış, prosesin farklı hidrolik ve organik yüklemelerdeki performansı organik madde ve azot giderimi ile çamur üretimi açısından incelenmiştir. 2 L’lik havalandırma havuzunun boş hacminin % 50’si Kaldnes K1 ile doldurulmuş ve sentetik atıksu ile beslenmiştir. HYBR performansı üzerine hidrolik yüklemenin etkisi 4, 8 ve 12 saat hidrolik alıkonma sürelerinde 500 mg/L KOİ içeren sentetik atıksuyun reaktöre beslenmesi ile, organik yüklemenin etkisi ise 8 saat hidrolik alıkonma süresinde 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 mg/L KOİ içeren sentetik atıksuyun reaktöre beslenmesi ile izlenmiştir. Hidrolik yüklemelerde, 500 mg/L KOİ içeren sentetik atıksuyun arıtımında 4 saat hidrolik alıkonma süresinin ortalama % 94.6 KOİ giderim verimi ile yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, artan hidrolik alıkonma ile nitrifikasyonda artış gözlenmiştir. Çıkış nitrat azotu sırasıyla 6,12 mg/L, 10,99 mg/L ve 16,6 mg/L olarak ölçülmüştür. Organik yüklemelerde, organik yükleme arttıkça organik madde giderimi azalmış, 6 g KOİ/m2.gün ‘ün üzerinde nitrifikasyon gözlenmemiştir. Ortalama KOİ giderim verimleri organik artan yüklemelerde sırasıyla % 95.1, % 94.9, % 89.3, % 68.7, % 45.2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çamur oluşumu, 500 mg/L KOİ girişinde 0.12 kg AKM/kg KOİ olarak elde edilmiş ve artan organik yükleme ile artmıştır.Öğe Groundwater Quality Mapping in Urban Groundwater Using GIS(SPRINGER, 2010) Nas, Bilgehan; Berktay, AliKonya City, located in the central part of Turkey, has grown and urbanized rapidly. A large amount of the water requirement of Konya City is supplied from groundwater. The quality of this groundwater was determined by taking samples from 177 of the wells within the study area. The purposes of this investigation were (1) to provide an overview of present groundwater quality and (2) to determine spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, Cl (-aEuro parts per thousand), SO(4) (-aEuro parts per thousand 2), hardness, and NO(3) (-aEuro parts per thousand) concentrations, and (3) to map groundwater quality in the study area by using GIS and Geostatistics techniques. ArcGIS 9.0 and ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst were used for generation of various thematic maps and ArcGIS Spatial Analyst to produce the final groundwater quality map. An interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was used to obtain the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters. The final map shows that the southwest of the city has optimum groundwater quality, and, in general, the groundwater quality decreases south to north of the city; 5.03% (21.51 km(2)) of the total study area is classified to be at the optimum groundwater quality level.Öğe Influence of High Organic Loading Rates on COD Removal and Sludge Production in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor(MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2008) Aygun, Ahmet; Nas, Bilgehan; Berktay, AliA moving bed biofilm reactor ( MBBR), where biomass is attached to small carrier elements that move freely along with the water in the reactor, has been tested for organic matter removal at five different organic loading rates. A lab-scale reactor with a volume of 2L was built and fed continuously with synthetic wastewater. The reactor was filled with the Kaldnes biomedia K1 which is used in the patented Kaldnes Moving Bed (TM) biofilm process at 50% of the volume of empty reactor. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) in the reactor and in the settler were adjusted to between 8 and 4 hours, respectively. A start-up period of about 4 weeks for biofilm growth on the carrier was followed by 10 weeks of testing period. By changing the wastewater composition, the operation of the system was adjusted, one after the other, to five different organic loading rates: 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 g COD/m(2).d. Organic removal efficiency decreased with increasing organic loading rate, ranging from 95.1%, 94.9%, 89.3%, 68.7% and 45.2% as the organic loading rate was increased form 6 to 96 g COD/m(2).d. In the MBRR reactor, the biofilm reached an average concentration of 3.28 kg TSS/m(3) at the highest organic loading rate. The ratio between the TSS production and the total COD removal was 0.12 kg TSS/kg total COD at an influent total COD of 500 mg/l.Öğe Mapping chlorophyll-a through in-situ measurements and Terra ASTER satellite data(SPRINGER, 2009) Nas, Bilgehan; Karabork, Hakan; Ekercin, Semih; Berktay, AliThis paper presents an application of water quality mapping through real-time satellite and ground data. The Lake Beysehir which is the largest freshwater lake and drinking water reservoir in Turkey was selected as the study area. Terra ASTER satellite image is used as remote sensing data source for water quality mapping in addition to simultaneously performed in-situ measurements. Ground data is collected simultaneously with the ASTER overpass on June 09, 2005 over the Lake Beysehir. The spatial distribution map is developed by using multiple regression (MR) technique for water quality parameter, which is chlorophyll-a (chl-a). The results indicate that simultaneous ground and satellite remote sensing data are highly correlated (R (2) > 0.86). In the image processing step, geometric correction, image filtering and development of water quality map procedures are performed with the ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS 9.0 software. The trophic status of Lake Beysehir is considered to be oligotrophic with an average 1.55 A mu g/l chl-a concentration.Öğe Organik ve pH şok yüklemelerinin ardışık kesikli reaktörlerde (AKR) arıtım verimine etkisi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2004) Ertuğrul, Tuba; Berktay, Ali; Nas, BilgehanBu çalõşmada laboratuar şartlarõnda biri kontrol diğeri ise şok yükleme uygulanan reaktör olmak üzere birbirine paralel 2 AKR kullanõlarak organik ve pH şok yüklemelerin arõtõm verimine etkisi araştõrõlmõştõr. Atõksu kaynağõ olarak sentetik atõksu kullanõlmõştõr.Her iki reaktör de normal şartlarda (KOİ=1000 mg/l) işletilirken 1. reaktöre KOİ=5000 mg/l organik şok yüklemesi uygulanmõştõr. Daha sonra aynõ reaktöre ardõşõk organik şok yüklemeler tatbik edilmiştir. pH şok yüklemesi ise reaktör hacminin 1/10 u oranõnda pH= 2 ve pH=12 olan suyun ani olarak reaktöre verilmesi şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sistem, uygulanan birinci şok yüklemeden etkilenmiş ancak 2 gün içerisinde normal işletme şartlarõna geri dönmüştür. Ardõşõk olarak uygulanan organik şok yüklemeler sonrasõ ise sistemde çamur çökelme özellikleri bozulmuş ve sistem normal haline geri dönememiştir. Uygulanan pH şok yüklemeler sistemi fazla etkilememiş ve arıtma veriminde önemli değişiklikler oluşturmamıştır.Öğe Removal of COD and Colour From Young Municipal Landfill Leachate by Fenton Process(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Yılmaz, Tuba; Aygün, Ahmet; Berktay, Ali; Nas, BilgehanLandfill is a common solution for the final disposal of municipal solid waste in Turkey. In recent years, studies of landfill leachate treatment by Fenton process have indicated that these methods can effectively reduce concentrations of organic contaminants and colour. The aim of this study is to investigate the removal efficiencies of colour and organic matter as COD from young municipal landfill leachate and the effect of operating conditions such as initial pH and Fenton's reagent dosage. Leachate was collected from municipal sanitary landfill located in city of Konya, Turkey. The main characteristics of the leachate were: pH = 7.25, colour = 3510 ptCo, COD = 38200 mgL-1, BOD5 = 22000 mgL-1, ratio of BOD5/COD was 0.58 and alkalinity as CaCO3 = 10250 mgL-1. It is observed that presenting a high value of COD and BOD5 and the rate of BOD5/COD values indicate that the leachate can be defined as young. The treatment of the leachate by Fenton process was carried out in a batch reactor. Under the optimal operation conditions (initial pH = 3, 2000 mgL-1 Fe2+ and 5000 mgL-1 H2O2), 55.9% of the initial COD and 89.4% colour were removed.Öğe Seasonal and spatial variability of metals concentrations in Lake Beysehir, Turkey(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2009) Nas, Bilgehan; Berktay, Ali; Aygun, Ahmet; Karabork, Hakan; Ekercin, SemihLake Beysehir is the largest fresh water lake and also the largest reservoir for drinking, and irrigation water in Turkey. The lake has an area of 656 km2 with an average depth of 5 m. Metal concentrations of aluminium (Al), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were determined in Lake Beysehir on 9 June and 19 August 2005, and 12 June and 22 August 2006. The water samples were collected from 40 sampling stations. The aim of this research is to determine metal concentrations and their seasonal and spatial variability in the lake. Generally, metal concentrations of Lake Beysehir were found to decrease in the sequence of Fe Al Zn Cr Ni Pb Cu Cd as 92.8, 81.8, 7.4, 2.7, 2.2, 1.9, 1.7 and 0.5 g L-1, respectively. The results showed that the mean concentrations of the metals in the lake water did not exceed WHO (World Health Organization), US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) or TWQCR (Turkish Water Pollution and Control Regulations) drinking water guidelines. On the other hand, maximum levels of metals sporadically exceeded these standards in some sampling stations, especially for Al, Cr, Fe, and Pb.Öğe Selection of MSW Landfill Site for Konya, Turkey Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Evaluation(Springer, 2010) Nas, Bilgehan; Çay, Tayfun; İşcan, Fatih; Berktay, AliLandfill is a common solution for the final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Turkey. Landfill siting is an extremely difficult task to accomplish because the site selection process depends on different factors and regulations. To ensure that an appropriate site is chosen, a systematic process should be developed and followed. Unsuccessful landfill siting is typically the result of strong public opposition. In this study, candidate sites for an appropriate landfill area in Cumra County of Konya City are determined by using the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). ArcGIS 9.0 software and its extensions were used as the GIS tool since it is able to perform suitability analysis using MCE analysis. To identify appropriate landfill areas in the Cumra district, eight input map layers including proximity to municipal and local wells and irrigational canals, distance from transportation routes and rails, distance from archaeological sites, distance from urban areas, land use/land cover, and land slope are used in constraint mapping. A final map was generated which identifies regions showing suitability for the location of the landfill site. According to the map, 6.8% of the study area is most suitable, 15.7% is suitable, 10.4% is moderately suitable, 25.8% is poorly suitable, and 41.3% is unsuitable. At the end of the analyses, three candidate sites are determined. The selection of the final MSW landfill site, however, requires further field research.Öğe Treatment alternatives for micropollutant removal in wastewater(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2017) Nas, Bilgehan; Dolu, Taylan; Ateş, Havva; Argun, M. Emin; Yel, EsraPresent of micropollutants in aquatic environments has become an alarming environmental problem for both living creatures and environment. Micropollutants, also called as emerging contaminants arise from natural substances and increasing variety of anthropogenic events. Micropollutants consist of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroid hormones, industrial chemicals, pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other recently seen compounds. These emerging contaminants are commonly found in very low concentration in different water bodies ranging from a few ng/l to several ?g/l. Many existing Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in all over the world are not especially designed for removing micropollutants. Low concentration and diversity of micropollutants complicate the dedection and analysis procedures during the treatment processes. Furthermore, entering micropollutants to the WWTPs continuously and stable structure of many micropollutants make difficult to eliminate these emerging compounds sufficiently. Therefore, many micropollutants of unknown concentration pass to aquatic environment from WWTPs. The occurence of micropollutants with a significant levels in aquatic environments disrupt the aquatic ecosystems with a number of adverse effects including short-term and long-term toxicity such as endocrine disrupting effects. Besides the known negative effects of micropollutants there are great number of micropollutants whose effects on living organisms are still unknown. As a result, removing these compounds is of a great importance both to protect environmental ecosystem and human health. Considering that the conventional methods are insufficient for removing the micropollutants other alternative treatment methods including coagulation–flocculation, activated carbon adsorption (powdered activated carbon and granular activated carbon), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane processes and membrane bioreactor can be applied for better removal. In this study, alternative treatments methods and removal efficiencies of each treatment methods on different micropollutants were investigated and all alternative treatment methods were compared between each other in terms of micropollutant removal rates.Öğe TREATMENT OF YOUNG LANDFILL LEACHATE BY FENTON PROCESS(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2008) Aygun, Ahmet; Yilmaz, Tuba; Berktay, Ali; Nas, BilgehanIn this Study leachate from solid waste landfill in Konya Municipal area was used. Landfill occupies 24 ha area with ail average height of 8 m in the total area of 350 ha at the present time. The amount of solid waste generated is about 800-850 tons/day in summer and 950-1,000 tons/day in winter months yielding the average leachate flow rates of about 100 m(3)/day. The main characteristics of the leachate are chemical oxygen demand in the range of 7,500-55,000 mg/L, biological oxygen demand after 5 days of 4,000-36,500 mg/L. It is observed that presenting a relatively high value of COD and BOD5 and the rate of COD/BOD5 values indicate that the leachate call be defined as young. The aim Of this Study is to investigate the leachate treatability by using fenton process. There are a number of studies on treatment of old leachate with fenton but ill this study Young landfill leachate was used and removal efficiencies of color and organic matter as COD were investigated. For this purpose Suitable conditions were accepted as optimum pH = 4.0, optimum Fe+2 = 3000 mg/L and optimum H2O2 = 10 000 mg/L.Öğe Tuz (NaCl) ve toksik (Cr6+) şok yüklemelerin ardışık kesikli reaktörierde (AKR) oksijen kullanımı ve koi giderimi üzerine etkisi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2006) Ertuğrul, Tuba; Berktay, Ali; Nas, BilgehanBu çalışmada; laboratuar ölçekli Ardışık Kesikli Reaktör (AKR) kullanılarak tuz (NaCl) ve toksik (Cr6+) şok yüklemelerinin biyolojik atıksu arıtım verimi üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Paralel işletilen 2 reaktörden biri kontrol reaktörü olarak çalıştırılırken diğer reaktöre, 20 g/L NaCl, 5 mg/L Cr6+ ve 10 mg/L Cr6+ şok yüklemeleri uygulanmıştır. Reaktörlerde günlük olarak kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ), karışık sıvıdaki askıda katı madde (MLSS), çamur hacim indeksi (ÇHİ), NaCl ve Cr6+ seviyeleri izlenmiştir. NaCl şok yüklemesi KOİ giderim verimini düşürmüş ancak reaktör 3 gün içinde dengeye gelmiştir. 5 mg/L Cr6+ şok yüklemesinde KOİ giderim oranının düşmüş olmasına rağmen sistem 3 gün içinde normal şartlarına dönerken, 10 mg/L Cr6+ şok yüklemesinde KOİ giderim oranı yine düşmüş ancak toksik madde konsantrasyonunun artması nedeniyle dengeye gelme süresi uzamış ve sistem 5. gün sonunda normal işletme şartlarına dönebilmiştir. Tüm şok yüklemelerde MLSS ve ÇHİ değerlerinde çok önemli bir değişiklik olmamıştır.Öğe Wastewater reuse in Turkey: From present status to future potential(IWA Publishing, 2020) Nas, Bilgehan; Uyanik, Sinan; Aygün, Ahmet; Dogan, Selim; Erul, Gürsel; Nas, K. Batuhan; Turgut, Sefa; Cop, Mustafa; Dolu, TaylanThe Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) initiated an important project, ‘Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Turkey’, in 2017. With this project, all wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated to determine wastewater reuse purposes for the first time. The results obtained from this project were that although there are 1,015 existing WWTPs, only 15 of them realized wastewater reuse. In 2017, the total volume of reused treated wastewater in Turkey amounted to 29.6 million m3/year, accounting for 0.78% of the treated urban wastewater. With the present water potential and sectoral water use rates, Turkey should make key administrative and technical regulations in the coming years for water reuse. This paper aims to give an overview of wastewater reuse activities from present status to future potential in Turkey and the opportunities and challenges in expanding water reuse. The status of WWTPs, treatment processes and their compliance with the WWTPs where reuse is carried out in Turkey are evaluated in this study. The realization of the planned goals and challenges are discussed after regulatory changes in Turkey for reclaimed wastewater and reuse targets for 2023. © IWA Publishing 2020
